不同温度对食蚜瘿蚊生长发育和 幼虫捕食能力的影响
Effects of temperature on the development and predation of Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani) larvae
林清彩** 陈 浩 尹园园 张思聪 于 毅 庄乾营 郑 礼 翟一凡***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2019.009
作者单位：山东省农业科学院植物保护研究所，天敌与授粉昆虫研究中心，济南 250100
中文关键词：食蚜瘿蚊；温度；日捕食量；功能反应
英文关键词： Aphidoletes aphidimyza; temperature; daily predation amount; functional respone
中文摘要：【目的】 明确不同温度对食蚜瘿蚊Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani) 幼虫生长发育、捕食能力及控蚜效能的影响。【方法】 在实验室不同温度条件下，测定了食蚜瘿蚊从卵到老熟幼虫的发育历期和日捕食量，并测定了食蚜瘿蚊3龄初幼虫的捕食功能反应。【结果】 随着温度的升高，食蚜瘿蚊卵和幼虫发育速度加快，捕食天数减少，总捕食量增加，各温度间的总捕食量差异显著。温度为22-30 ℃时，食蚜瘿蚊幼虫在第3-4天开始捕食蚜虫，随后的1-2 d内日捕食量达到高峰，随猎物密度增加，3龄初幼虫捕食量有明显的逐级上升趋势。每个温度下食蚜瘿蚊幼虫对玉米蚜Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch)的捕食功能反应均符合 HollingⅡ型方程，18-30 ℃最大捕食量分别为30.9、33.0、35.2、48.9头，食蚜瘿蚊幼虫瞬时攻击率26 ℃时最高为0.99，单头猎物处理时间在30 ℃时最短为0.02 d。食蚜瘿蚊的控蚜能力30 ℃时最强，当温度降低时，其控蚜能力相应减弱。【结论】 较高的温度有利于食蚜瘿蚊幼虫的发育、捕食和对蚜虫的控制。
英文摘要： [Objectives] To
explore the effects of temperature on the development, predation and biological
control potential of Aphidoletes aphidimyza larvae. [Methods]
The development, predation and predatory functional response were
investigated under different temperatures. [Results] Developmental duration and predation
decreased with increasing temperature from 18 ℃ to 30 ℃. At 22-30 ℃, aphids were first eaten in the 3rd to 4th day
of egg production, followed by a peak of predation over the following 1-2 days.
There was a significant increase in predation by 3rd instar larvae with
increased density at 22-30 ℃. At 18-30 ℃, the functional response of A. aphidimyza 3rd instar larvae to R. maidis approximated a HollingⅡ model, daily maximum numbers of aphids preyed on by A.
aphidimyza were 30.9, 33.0, 35.2 and 48.9, respectively. The highest
instantaneous attack rate was 0.985 at 26 ℃, the shortest handling time was 0.02 d at 30 ℃, and control ability was strongest at 30 ℃. [Conclusion] Higher temperatures speed the development and
improve the predatory capacity of A. aphidimyza.