荔枝异形小卷蛾的人工饲料配方及其效果分析
The effectiveness of different artificial diets for rearing Cryptophlebia ombrodelta (Lower) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
赵志刚1** 王晨彬2 王 欢1 王春胜1 郭俊杰1
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2019.021
作者单位：1. 中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所，广州 510520；2. 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所，南京 210042
中文关键词：荔枝异形小卷蛾；人工饲料；格木；饲养效果
英文关键词： Cryptophlebia ombrodelta Lower; artificial diets; Erythrophleum fordii Oliver; rearing effect
中文摘要：【目的】 为开发一种适用于荔枝异形小卷蛾Cryptophlebia ombrodelta（Lower）的人工饲料，探讨饲喂添加寄主格木Erythrophleum fordii Oliver枝粉和叶粉的人工饲料对荔枝异形小卷蛾生长发育的影响。【方法】 以混合饲料为营养基础，特别添加荔枝异形小卷蛾喜好寄主植物格木的枝粉和叶粉配置人工饲料，并对饲养效果进行比较。【结果】 5种饲料配方饲养荔枝异形小卷蛾，其均能完成世代发育。5种饲料配方对荔枝异形小卷蛾的幼虫发育历期、幼虫存活率、化蛹率、蛹重、羽化率、成虫寿命和产卵量均有显著（P<0.05）或极显著（P<0.01）影响，对蛹历期影响不显著（P>0.05）。相关分析表明，幼虫发育历期越短越有利于其后各阶段发育，且可提高存活率和产卵量、缩短世代发育历期。从配方组分比较饲养效果发现，添加格木枝粉优于格木叶粉，添加番茄酱优于荔枝酱。饲喂添加格木枝粉和番茄酱的成活率和产卵量显著高于饲喂添加格木叶粉和荔枝酱配方Ⅲ和饲喂添加荔枝酱的配方Ⅴ，分别提高107.58%和27.21%、48.26%和15.88%。【结论】 添加格木枝粉的人工饲料对荔枝异形小卷蛾的饲养效果最佳，且材料来源不受时间、地点限制，有助于人工饲养并开展生物学和生态学研究。
英文摘要：[Objectives] Cryptophlebia ombrodelta (Lower) (Lepidoptera:
Tortricidae) is the main shoot borer of Erythrophleum fordii Oliver (Caesalpiniaceae), which a rare tree species.
Artificial diets were manufactured to improve the artificial rearing of this
pest and thereby facilitate biological and ecological research to develop more
effective methods for its prevention and control. [Methods] Based on the nutritional composition of
branches or leaves of E. fordii, the
preferred host plant of C. ombrodelta,
either branches or leaves of E. fordii were added to five specially formulated artificial diets and the effectiveness
of rearing C. ombrodelta on each of
these diets was measured and compared. [Results] C.
ombrodelta completed an entire generation on all five artificial diets.
Larvae fed on the five artificial diets differed significantly (P<0.05)
in the duration of the larval period, survival rate, pupation rate, pupal
weights, eclosion rate, adult longevity and fecundity, but not in the duration
of the pupal period (P>0.05). Correlation analysis indicates that a
shorter larval duration was more favorable for the development of subsequent
stages, increased survival rate and fecundity, and shortened the duration of
the whole generation. Artificial diets to which E. fordii branches were added were superior than those to which
leaves were added, and those to which tomato juice were added were better than
those to which lychee juice were added. The optimal artificial diet, Diet II
with added E. fordii branches or
tomato juice, significantly (P<0.01) improved the survival rate and
fecundity of C. ombrodelta by 107.58%
and 27.21%, 48.26% and 15.88% respectively, compared with Diet III to which E. fordii leaves and litchi juice were
added, and Diet V to which only litchi juice was added. [Conclusion] The rearing of C. ombrodelta can be improved by adding E. fordii branches to artificial diets.
These results facilitate the rearing of C.
ombrodelta for biological and ecological research.