沙棘绕实蝇成虫和幼虫人工饲料研究
An improved artificial diet for adults and larvae of Rhagoletis batava Hering
陆 燕1** 朱建梅1 阿地力?沙塔尔1*** 吾拉别克2 金格斯3
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2019.041
作者单位：1. 新疆农业大学林学与园艺学院，乌鲁木齐 830052；2. 布尔津县林业局，布尔津 836600；3. 阿勒泰地区林业有害生物防治检疫局，阿勒泰 836599
中文关键词：沙棘绕实蝇；人工饲料；配方；正交试验设计；筛选
英文关键词： Rhagoletis batava Hering; artificial feed formula; orthogonal experimental design; screening
中文摘要：【目的】 本研究建立了沙棘绕实蝇Rhagoletis batava Hering实验种群，为该实蝇生物防治工作奠定基础。【方法】 以蜂蜜、蔗糖、酵母膏等为原料，按照不同配比配成饲料，饲养沙棘绕实蝇成虫，观察其对成虫性成熟、交配产卵以及寿命的影响。此外，在室内条件（25.00±2.50）℃，光照周期为15L︰9D，相对湿度65.00%±5.00%，以蔗糖、酵母膏、麦麸、沙棘果汁（果酱）等为原料，按照不同配比配成饲料，饲养沙棘绕实蝇幼虫，观察其对幼虫历期+化蛹历期、化蛹率及蛹特性的影响。【结果】 4种不同配比的饲料对成虫性成熟、交配时间、产卵痕数量和雌雄成虫寿命有显著影响；其中配方D饲养的沙棘绕实蝇成虫性成熟历期、交配时间和产卵痕数量、雌雄成虫寿命分别为（1.78±0.09）d、（4.15±0.03）h、（4.52±0.17）个、（15.47±0.77）d和（15.15±0.79）d，与配方A、B、C均有极显著性差异（P<0.01）。幼虫半人工饲料最佳配方为配方C，其化蛹率、幼虫历期+化蛹历期、蛹长、蛹宽、蛹重分别为50.00%±2.89%、（7.20±0.16）d、（4.74±0.03）mm、（2.45±0.24）mm、（7.21±0.11）mg；全人工饲料最佳配方为配方C，其化蛹率、幼虫历期+化蛹历期、蛹长、蛹宽、蛹重分别为35.00%±7.64%、（5.38±0.18）d、（4.26±0.04）mm、（2.30±0.02）mm、（6.12±0.18）mg；果酱饲料最佳配方为配方C，其化蛹率、幼虫历期+化蛹历期、蛹长、蛹宽、蛹重分别为45.00%±2.89%、（7.11±0.16）d、（4.45±0.07）mm、（2.44±0.02）mm、（6.78±0.21）mg。【结论】 沙棘绕实蝇成虫饲养最佳配方为酵母膏20 g、蜂蜜20 g、纯净水160 mL；幼虫半人工饲料最佳配方为蔗糖10 g、酵母膏15 g、麦麸30 g、沙棘果汁50 mL；幼虫全人工饲料最佳配方为蔗糖10 g、酵母膏15 g、麦麸30 g、纯净水50 mL；幼虫饲养最佳果泥饲料配方为沙棘果酱50 g、酵母膏3 g、尼泊尔金0.3 g。
英文摘要： [Objectives] A Rhagoletis batava Hering population was established to facilitate research on the biological control of this pest. [Methods] Adults were fed four different diets containing different proportions of honey, sucrose and yeast extract to investigate the effects of diet on sexual maturation, mating, oviposition and longevity. Larvae were kept at( 25.00±2.50)℃, under an indoor light cycle of 15L︰9D and relative humidity of 65.00% ± 5.00% and fed on different proportions of sucrose, yeast extract, oat bran, seabuckthorn fruit juice and jam, to determine the effects of these different diets on the duration of the larval and pupal stages and the pupation rate. [Results] Adults fed on the four different diets had significantly different times to sexual maturity, mating times, female fecundity and life span. Of the four diets, diet D was the best; the duration to sexual maturity, mating time, female fecundity, and lifespan of adults fed this diet were (1.78±0.09) d, (4.15±0.03) h, (4.52±0.17), (15.47 ±0.77) d and (15.15 ±0.79) d, which were significantly different from those of adults that were fed diets A, B and C (P<0.01). The best semi-artificial diet for larvae was diet C, and the pupation rate, larval period + pupal period, pupal length, pupal width and pupal weight of larvae fed this diet were 50.00%±2.89%, (7.20±0.16)d, (4.74±0.03)mm, (2.45±0.24)mm and (7.21±0.11)mg, respectively. The best completely artificial diet for larvae was diet C; larvae fed on this diet had a pupation rate, larval period + pupation period, pupal length, pupal width and pupal weight of 35.00%±7.64%, (5.38±0.18)d, (4.26±0.04)mm, (2.30±0.02)mm and (6.12±0.18)mg, respectively. The best jam-based diet for larvae was diet C, with a pupation rate, larval period + pupation period, pupal length, pupal width and pupal weight of 45.00%±2.89%, (7.11±0.16)d, (4.45±0.07)mm, (2.44±0.02)mm, (6.78±0.21)mg, respectively. [Conclusion] The optimal diet for adult R. batava was 20 g yeast paste, 20 g honey and 160 mL purified water. The best semi-artificial diet for larvae was 10 g of sucrose, 15 g of yeast extract, 30 g of wheat bran and 50 mL of sea buckthorn juice. The best completely artificial diet for larvae was also comprised of 10 g of sucrose, 15 g of yeast extract, 30 g of wheat bran, and 50 mL of purified water. The best jam-based diet for larvae was 50 g seabuckthorn jam, 3 g yeast extract and 0.3 g Nepali gold.