基于线粒体Cytb基因的意大利蝗遗传多样性分析

Analysis of genetic variation among geographic populations of Calliptamus italicus in Xinjiang based on mitochondrial Cytb gene sequences

徐 叶1** 麦季玮2 李瑞雪1 徐礼锋1 于冰洁1 袁 亮1 ROMAN Jas

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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2019.060

作者单位：1. 中亚区域跨境有害生物联合控制国际研究中心，新疆特殊环境物种保护与调控生物学实验室，新疆师范大学生命科学学院， 乌鲁木齐 830054；2. 兰州大学生命科学学院，兰州 730000；3. 中国哈萨克斯坦阿勒法拉比国立大学，阿拉木图 050038

中文关键词：意大利蝗；线粒体Cytb基因；地理种群；遗传分化；基因流

英文关键词： Calliptamus italicus; mitochondrial Cytb gene; geographic populations; genetic differentiation; gene flow

中文摘要： 【目的】 分析新疆荒漠半荒漠草原意大利蝗Calliptamus italicus不同地理种群的遗传多样性，探讨新疆意大利蝗持续严重发生的分子生物学机制。【方法】 测定并获得意大利蝗10个不同地理种群的100条Cytb基因全长序列（1 140 bp），利用DnaSP 5.0和Arlequin 3.5软件分析种群遗传多样性、遗传结构、遗传分化与分子变异，并构建了最大似然法系统发育树及单倍型中介网络图。【结果】 在100个序列样本中，共检测出54个单倍型。总群体单倍型多样度H_d为0.890，各地理种群单倍型多样度范围介于0.818-1.000，总群体固定系数F_st、遗传分化系数分别为0.017 8、0.018 9，总基因流N_m为13.84，种群间遗传差异（3.31%）远小于种群内的遗传变异（96.69%），结果表明，意大利蝗群体稳定，历史上未出现群体扩张，地理距离可能不是影响种群间遗传距离的重要因素。【结论】 新疆意大利蝗不同地理种群间基因交流频繁，通过种群内遗传变异提高适应外界环境能力，可能是其持续严重发生的重要原因之一。

英文摘要： [Objectives]  To analyze the genetic variation among different geographic populations of Calliptamus italicus in desert and semi-desert steppe in Xinjiang, and to reveal the molecular and biological mechanisms underlying recent persistent and serious outbreaks of this pest. [Methods]  Specimens of C. italicus were collected from 10 different geographic populations to obtain a total of 100 full-length sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cytb) gene (1 140 bp). We then used DnaSP 5.0 and Arlequin 3.5 software to clarify the genetic structure, differentiation, and molecular variances, within and among populations. A Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic tree and a diagram of the haplotype network of Cytb were constructed. [Results]  We detected 54 haplotypes among the 100 full-length sequences. The total haplotype diversity index (H_d) was 0.890 and haplotype diversity among the different geographical populations ranged from 0.818 to 1.000. The total fixed coefficient (F_st), total genetic differentiation coefficient (G_st), and total gene flow (N_m) were 0.0178, 0.0189 and 13.84, respectively. In addition, the genetic variation between populations (3.31%) was much less than that within each population. These results indicate that the C. italicus populations investigated in this study are stable in size and have not undergone recent population expansion. Geographic distance may not, therefore, be an important factor affecting the genetic distance between different populations. [Conclusion]  Gene exchange occurs frequently between different geographical populations of C. italicus in Xinjiang, increasing the genetic variation within populations and thereby enhancing their ability to adapt to different environmental conditions. This situation may be related to recent persistent and serious outbreaks of C. italicus in Xinjiang.

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