寄生蜂调控寄主害虫免疫与发育 机理的研究新进展
Recent advances in research on the mechanisms through which parasitoid wasps regulate host immunity and development
叶恭银1** 胡 建2 朱家颖3 方 琦1 严智超1 王 磊4
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2019.047
作者单位：1. 水稻生物学国家重点实验室，农业农村部作物病虫分子生物学重点实验室，浙江省作物病虫生物学重点实验室， 昆虫科学研究所，浙江大学，杭州 310058；2. 有害生物控制与资源利用国家重点实验室，中山大学，广州 510275； 3. 云南省森林灾害预警与控制重点实验室，西南林业大学，昆明 650224；4. 生命科学学院，安徽农业大学，合肥 230036
中文关键词： 寄生蜂；寄生因子；寄主害虫；免疫；发育
英文关键词： parasitoid wasps; parasitism factors; host pests; immunity; development
中文摘要：
寄生蜂是重要且种类最为丰富的膜翅目昆虫类群之一，也是极具价值的害虫生物控制因子。寄生蜂携带有不同类型的活性因子，包括毒液、多分DNA病毒类病毒颗粒、卵巢蛋白、畸形细胞及幼虫分泌物等，用于调控寄主害虫的免疫反应、发育等重要生理过程，以确保成功寄生并确保其子代在寄主害虫体内（内寄生蜂）或体表（外寄生蜂）正常发育，最终可导致寄主害虫死亡，从而有效控制寄主害虫种群数量。目前已有诸多与寄生蜂调控寄主害虫内在机理相关的研究报道，该领域也已成为昆虫寄生学与生理学的研究热点之一。本文仅从寄生蜂寄生因子多样性、寄生蜂调控寄主害虫免疫及发育的机理等方面，对相关的最新研究进展作一概述。
英文摘要：
Parasitoid wasps transmit various kinds of bioactive substances, including venom, polydnavirus, virus-like particles, teratocytes, ovarian proteins, and larval secretions, to their hosts. These substances play significant roles in regulating host physiological processes, such as immunity and development, thereby facilitating the development of the parasitoid’s offspring, either inside (endoparasitoid), or outside (ectoparasitoid), the host’s body. This regulation ultimately results in the death of the host. Since many hosts are important agricultural pests, parasitoid wasps are important biological control agents. There has recently been an increase in research on the mechanisms through which parasitoid wasps regulate their hosts’ physiology. In this article, we review the latest progress in research on the range of substances transmitted by parasitoid wasps, and the mechanisms through which wasps regulate the immunity and development of their hosts.