【目的】 宽带果实蝇Zeugodacus scutellatus (Hendel）是我国分布范围最广的实蝇类昆虫之一，掌握其入侵来源以及传播扩散模式是害虫防控的基本前提。【方法】 本研究基于线粒体DNA cox1和cox2基因片段，对我国宽带果实蝇的种群遗传结构进行了初步研究，并以此为依据对其入侵扩散过程进行了分析。【结果】 我国东部和西部宽带果实蝇种群单倍型多样性（h）、核苷酸多样性（π）、遗传分化系数（F_st）、基因流（N_m）均高于中部地区，日本宽带果实蝇种群单倍型数量、单倍型百分比、遗传多样性等参数均高于我国宽带果实蝇种群。中性检验表明，宽带果实蝇在我国经历过快速扩张事件，地理隔离在种群遗传结构中并未产生关键作用。【结论】 上海和重庆可能是其最早进入我国的地区，该虫可能经由两条主要路径实现其在我国大范围扩张：一条直接通过港口贸易登陆上海，在长三角地区传播扩散，依此基础沿长江水系迅速向内陆扩张；另一路则以重庆为起点，在云贵甘陕等西部地区迅速扩张，并在此基础上借助长江沿线适宜的定殖区向南北传播扩散。

[Objectives]  To establish effective management measures for the striped fruit fly, Zeugodacus scutellatus (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritida), an important quarantine species in China, and prevent further expansion of its range by identifying its mode of expansion and historical expansion routes. [Methods]  The population genetic structure and contemporary gene flow of the striped fruit fly were assessed based on variation in the mtDNA cox1 and cox2 sequences. [Results]  Haplotypesdiversity (h), Nucleotide diversity (π), F_st and Gene flow (N_m) were higher in western populations than in eastern ones. These parameters are also higher in the Japanese population than in Chinese populations. Evaluation of haplotype phylogenetic structure indicates that all haplotypes from Japan clustered at the base of the phylogenetic tree, indicating that these haplotypes are more ancient than those found in China. The results of a Mantel Test indicate that Z. scutellatus populations have suffered bouts of high-speed expansion in China, and that geographical barriers have been no obvious impediment to their spread. [Conclusion]  Our results indicate that Chinese populations of Z. scutellatus probably originated from Japan, and that Shanghai and Chongqing were the first two places in China to be colonized. Z. scutellatus probably arrived in two waves, one establishing in Shanghai simultaneously with imports from Japan, then, facilitated by trade along the Yangtze River, quickly colonizing the Yangtze Delta and inland regions. Another wave arrived in Chongqing, the commercial center of western China, including Yunnan, Sichuan, Gansu, Guizhou and Shaanxi provinces. Expansion north and south from Chongqing was also facilitated by the movement of produce and goods.