橘小实蝇田间消长动态及对柑橘果实危害研究
Population dynamics of Bactrocera dorsalis and the damage caused by this pest in citrus orchards
王明召** 阳廷密*** 赵小龙 张锦松 李贤良 娄兵海 黄慧英
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2019.057
作者单位：（广西特色作物研究院/广西柑橘生物学重点实验室，桂林 541004）
中文关键词：橘小实蝇；柑橘；消长；危害
英文关键词：Bactrocera dorsalis; citrus; increase and decline; damage
中文摘要：【目的】 找出橘小食蝇Bactrocera dorsalis（Hendel）在桂林东郊柑橘果园的消长规律，掌握橘小实蝇对不同柑橘品种的危害程度。【方法】 2012-2013年，利用橘小实蝇性诱器对桂林东郊柑橘果园的橘小实蝇田间动态进行监测，收集逐旬诱虫数量，并制作周年诱虫消长曲线，分析橘小实蝇消长规律。选取果园内18个早中晚熟柑橘品种进行橘小实蝇危害调查，从果实受害前到果实成熟采收，统计各个品种的逐旬虫果数量，分析各品种受害情况。【结果】 田间橘小实蝇成虫5月开始出现，9月下旬-10月上旬达到高峰期，12月中下旬活动减弱或停止。早中熟柑橘品种受橘小实蝇的危害率多在26.72%-73.19%，而晚熟品种多在16.08%以下。宽皮柑橘类受橘小实蝇的危害率多在15.23%以上，而橙类和杂柑类低于10.81%。早熟品种从7-8月开始受橘小实蝇危害，一直持续到果实成熟,受害程度逐步加重。中晚熟品种10月中下旬后开始受害，在11月上旬到12月上旬之间有1-2个受害高峰期，12月中下旬受害减轻。同一品种在不同年份的受害开始时间、高峰期、低谷期不完全相同。【结论】 橘小实蝇成虫在春季条件适合时开始活动，在秋季达到活动高峰期，在冬季气温下降等不利条件下活动减弱或停止。橘小实蝇对柑橘早中熟品种的危害率高于晚熟品种，对宽皮柑橘类的危害率高于橙类。在果实生长成熟过程中，早熟品种随果实成熟度增高受害程度加重，中晚熟品种受害高峰期出现在果实成熟中、前期，同年内成熟期相同品种的受害消长走势基本相同，同一品种在不同年份的受害消长走势不同。
英文摘要： [Objectives] To investigate the population
dynamics of Bactrocera dorsalis in
citrus orchards in the eastern suburbs of Guilin, and improve
techniques to control the degree of damage inflicted on different citrus varieties by this pest. [Methods] Numbers of B. dorsalis in orchards were monitored using
sex pheromone traps from 2012 to 2013.
Seasonal fluctuations in abundance were analyzed and the number of damaged
fruit on different citrus varieties, including early-maturing, middle-maturing
and late-maturing, varieties was compared before, and after, ripening. [Results] B. dorsalis began to
appear in May, reached peak abundance between late September and early October,
and declined or disappeared from orchards in mid to late December. Damage to early and middle maturing varieties
was 26.73%-73.19% whereas damage to late-maturing varieties was below 16.08%. Damage
to loose-skin mandarin varieties was above 15.23% whereas damage to orange and
hybrid varieties was below 10.81%. Fruit of early-maturing varieties was damaged
from July or August until they were ripe, and the degree of damage gradually increased
during this period. Damage to middle and late-maturing varieties began to
appear from mid to late October, had 1 or 2 peaks between early November and
early December, then decreased from mid to late December. The beginning, peak, and
low damage periods in the same variety were not identical in different years. [Conclusion] B.
dorsalis becomes active in spring when conditions are suitable, reaches
peak activity in autumn, and decreases or ceases activity under adverse
conditions such as falling temperatures. Damage to early and
middle-maturing varieties was higher than to late-maturing varieties, and damage
to loose-skin mandarin varieties was higher than to orange varieties. During
the process of fruit growth and development, the proportion of damaged fruit on
early-maturing varieties increased as fruit matured; peak damage to middle and late-maturing
varieties first appeared as early maturing fruit ripened, or during the middle
period of fruit development. The increase and decline in the number of damaged
fruit that ripened at the same time of year was basically the same within
the same year, but the increase and decline in the number of damaged fruits in
the same citrus variety was not the same in different years.