[Objectives]  To explore volatiles of Juglans mandshurica and their effect on the brown mulberry longhorn beetle, Anoplophora chinensis, in order to provide a theoretical basis for screening attractants or repellents to control this insect pest. [Methods]  Volatiles released from J. mandshurica subject to different kinds of damage [undamaged (CK), and plants subject to feeding, oviposition and boring damage by longicorn beetles] were collected using dynamic headspace adsorption, and those causing electrophysiological and behavioral responses in A. chinensis were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), a gas chromatography-electrophysiological antennal detecting system (GC-EAD) and Y-tube olfactometer experiments. [Results]  A. chinensis adults had significant electrophysiological responses to ten volatiles of J. mandshurica, including (1R)-(+)-alpha-pinene, ocimene, p-diethylbenzene, g-terpinene, nonanal, α-terpineol, pentamethyl phenyl, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene and hexadecane, but no response to the other volatiles. Female and male adults had stronger electrophysiological responses to terpenes and ocimene. The volatile (1R)-(+)-alpha-pinene caused a significant olfactory reaction in male adults (P < 0.05), and ocimene was extremely attractive to female and male adults (P < 0.01). 2-ethylhexyl acrylate was strongly repellent to female adults (P < 0.05) and p-diethylbenzene was highly attractive to males (P < 0.01). Nonanal was repellent to male adults (P < 0.05). [Conclusion]  Adult female A. chinensis are strongly attracted to ocimene and repelled by 2-ethylhexyl acrylate. Male adults are strongly attracted to (1R)-(+)-alpha-pinene and ocimene and repelled by p-diethylbenzene and nonanal.