吡虫啉对异色瓢虫种群控害功能的影响
Effect of imidacloprid on Harmonia axyridis, a biological control for pest insects
王佳佳 ；付 雪；王 雪；马艳龙；叶乐夫
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2019.120
作者单位：1. 东北农业大学农学院，哈尔滨 150030；2. 黑龙江大学农业资源与环境学院，哈尔滨 150080
中文关键词：吡虫啉；异色瓢虫；亚致死浓度；生长发育；捕食功能反应
英文关键词：imidacloprid; Harmonia axyridis; sub-lethal concentration; growth and development; preying functional responses
中文摘要：【目的】 杀虫剂对天敌的非致死效应是杀虫剂安全性评估的重要内容。【方法】 本研究以吡虫啉亚致死浓度处理的大豆蚜Aphis glycines饲喂异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis，测定了异色瓢虫的发育历期、存活率、蛹重和捕食功能反应。【结果】 异色瓢虫G0代不论从哪个龄期开始饲喂毒蚜，LC25(W) 处理各龄期其发育均显著延长，且未成熟期（1龄至成虫）显著延长，蛹重和存活率显著降低；异色瓢虫G0代从1龄、3龄和4龄开始饲喂毒蚜，显著延长G1代的3龄龄期，显著缩短G1代的4龄龄期；G0代从4龄开始饲喂毒蚜，显著延长G1代1-3龄的发育历期；G0代不论从哪个龄期开始饲喂毒蚜，G1代蛹重都显著降低，G1代幼虫存活率无显著的变化；异色瓢虫对LC25处理的2龄、3龄和4龄幼虫的最大捕食量显著降低，其余组无显著变化。【结论】 吡虫啉亚致死浓度对异色瓢虫G0代和G1代的生长发育均产生影响，且影响异色瓢虫的捕食能力，从而影响异色瓢虫种群的控害功能，这种杀虫剂对非靶标天敌昆虫的非致死效应需要在杀虫剂的安全性评估中予以考虑。
英文摘要： [Objectives] The non-lethal effects of pesticides on the natural enemies of pest species should be an important consideration in assessing the benefits of pesticides. [Methods] Soybean aphids treated with a sub-lethal concentration (LC25) of imidacloprid were fed to H. axyridis, and the developmental duration, survival ratio, pupal weight and functional predatory response of different developmental stages of H. axyridis were measured. [Results] (1) Regardless of the developmental stage of the G0 generation of H. axyridis that was fed imidacloprid treated aphids, their development duration was significantly prolonged and their pupal weight and survival ratio were significantly reduced. (2) Irrespective of whether the 1st, 3rd or 4th instar of the G0 generation was the first to feed on imidacloprid treated aphids, the 3rd instar period of the G1 generation was significantly extended, and the 4th instar period was significantly shortened. When the 4th instar of the G0 generation was the first to feed on imidacloprid treated aphids, the developmental duration of the G1 generation was significantly extended from the 1st to the 3rd instar. Irrespective of the stage at which the G0 generation began to feed on imidacloprid treated aphids, the pupal weight of the G1 was significantly reduced, although the survival ratio of G1 larvae did not change significantly. (3) Feeding H. axyridis imidacloprid treated aphids significantly reduced the maximum predation rate of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th instars, but there was no significant change in that of 1st instar larvae or adults. [Conclusion] Feeding H. axyridis aphids containing a sub-lethal concentration of imidacloprid affected the growth and development of the G0 and G1 generations, and also affected their predatory ability, thus affecting the effectiveness of the H. axyridis as a biological control. Non-lethal effects on non-target insects should be considered when assessing the suitability of insecticides.