农业生物多样性控制作物病虫害的方法与原理
Principles of using agricultural biodiversity to control pests and crop diseases
初炳瑶；陈法军；马占鸿
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2020.004
作者单位：中国农业大学植物病理学系，农业部作物有害生物监测与绿色防控重点实验室，北京 100193； 南京农业大学植物保护学院，南京 210095
中文关键词：农业生物多样性；原理与机制；病虫害管理；产量
英文关键词：agrobiodiversity; principles and mechanisms; disease and pest management; yield
中文摘要：
农业生物多样性作为一种重要的作物病虫害防治手段，主要基于自然界生物间相生相克的平衡关系，充分利用了原生态的各种控制因子，将病虫害调控在生产可允许范围，对减肥减药以及提高农业生态系统自我功能具有重要的意义。本文将农业病虫害发生融为一体，从种内遗传多样性、物种多样性、农田景观多样性3个层次，系统阐述了利用农业生物多样性控制作物病虫害的重要意义、主要内容和方法、控害原理、影响因素以及作物品种多样性种植的增产效应，为充分发挥农业生物多样性调控作物病虫害提供参考。
英文摘要：
Agrobiodiversity is an important aspect of controlling the diseases and
pests of agricultural crops. Agrobiodiversity is based on the ecological
relationships between organisms and makes full use of various control factors
in the original ecosystem. It can, therefore, significantly reduce fertilizer
and pesticide use and enhance agricultural ecosystems. This paper integrates
the control of agricultural diseases and pests and examines agrobiodiversity at
three levels; genetic diversity, species diversity and landscape diversity. The
methods, mechanisms and important factors for using agrobiodiversity to control
crop diseases and pests, and the effect of plant diversity on crop yields, are
systematically reviewed and described.