不同农事操作技术对稻田害虫和天敌种群动态的影响
Effects of different farming technologies on the population dynamics of pests and their natural enemies in rice fields
李雪梅；郑晓旭；何帅洁；杨凤连；吴 刚
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2020.012
作者单位：湖北省昆虫资源利用与病虫害可持续治理重点实验室，华中农业大学植物科技学院，武汉 430070；湖北省昆虫资源利用与病虫害可持续治理重点实验室，华中农业大学植物科技学院，武汉 430070；湖北省昆虫资源利用与病虫害可持续治理重点实验室，华中农业大学植物科技学院，武汉 430070；湖北省昆虫资源利用与病虫害可持续治理重点实验室，华中农业大学植物科技学院，武汉 430070；湖北省昆虫资源利用与病虫害可持续治理重点实验室，华中农业大学植物科技学院，武汉 430070
中文关键词：农事操作技术；稻虾共作；香根草；水稻害虫；天敌群动态
英文关键词：farming technology; rice-shrimp co-cultivating; Vetiveria zizanioides; rice pests; population dynamics of natural enemies
中文摘要：
【目的】 通过分析常规稻作田、稻虾共作田和香根草Vetiveria zizanioides诱集田3种农事操作技术对水稻害虫及其天敌种群动态的影响，为湖北地区新型绿色农事操作技术防控田间害虫、天敌保育和稻田有害生物可持续治理策略提供重要依据。【方法】 在水稻抽穗期，采用目测法、扫网法、盆拍法、剥查法对3种农事操作稻田（常规稻作田、稻虾共作田和香根草）内害虫（稻飞虱、稻叶蝉、稻螟虫）和天敌进行搜集和统计。【结果】 香根草诱集田内稻飞虱种群数量显著低于稻虾共作田（P<0.05），常规稻作田间稻叶蝉、稻螟虫种群数量显著高于稻虾共作田和香根草诱集田数量（P<0.05）；3种农事操作技术下稻田间天敌种类主要以捕食性天敌蜘蛛类、草蛉类、黑肩绿盲蝽Crytorrhinus lividipennis和青翅隐翅虫Paederus fuscipes为主。其中，稻虾共作田和香根草诱集田拟环纹豹蛛Pardosa pseudoannulata、拟水狼蛛Pirata subpiraticus和黑肩绿盲蝽Cyrtorhinus lividipennis种群数量显著高于常规稻作田（P<0.05）。 【结论】 香根草稻作田间稻叶蝉、稻螟虫种群数量显著低于常规稻作田，稻虾共作田间稻叶蝉、稻飞虱种群数量显著低于常规稻作田；3种农事操作技术下稻田间天敌种类主要以捕食性天敌蜘蛛类、草蛉类、黑肩绿盲蝽为主。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] The purpose of this study was to evaluate the
effects of three rice farming methods;
conventional rice paddies, and those with either shrimp farms or co-planted
with Vetiveria zizanioides), on the population dynamics of rice pests and their
natural enemies, in order to help prevent and control pest outbreaks and
conserve natural enemy populations in paddy fields. [Methods] Visual
inspection, net sweeping, pot-patching and stripping, were used to collect and
count rice pests (rice planthoppers, rice leafhoppers and rice borers) and
their natural enemies (rice spiders, grass midges, Crytorrhinus lividipennis and Paederus
fuscipes), during the rice heading stage. [Results] Significantly
fewer rice planthoppers were observed in paddy fields co-planted with V. zizanioides than conventional rice paddies, or rice paddies with shrimp farms (P<0.05).
Significantly higher numbers of rice leafhoppers and rice borers were found in
conventional rice
paddies relative to those with V. zizanioides or shrimp farms (P<0.05).
The natural enemies of rice pests were spiders, grass midges, C. lividipennis and P. fuscipes. Significantly higher numbers of P. pseudoannulata, Pirata subpiraticus and C. lividipennis were found in paddies co-planted with V.
zizanioides, or with shrimp farms, than conventional paddies (P<0.05). [Conclusion] Significantly fewer rice leafhoppers
and rice borers were observed in paddies co-planted with V. zizanioides and with shrimp farms
than conventional paddies.