高抗、中抗和高感虫品种混播对大豆产量及主要害虫种群发生和昆虫群落多样性的影响
Effect of planting mixed crops of resistant and susceptible soybeans on crop damage by Spodoptera litura and the population dynamics of key soybean pests
沈方圆；张逸飞；肖子衿；李立坤；韦泳汲；尹 悦；陈法军
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2020.014
作者单位：南京农业大学植保学院昆虫系, 昆虫信息生态研究组，南京 210095；广东省科学院广东省生物工程研究所 （广州甘蔗糖业研究所），广东省甘蔗改良与生物炼制重点实验室，广州 510316
中文关键词：种子混播；大豆产量；昆虫；种群动态；群落多样性；生态防控
英文关键词：seed-mixed sowing; soybean yield; insect; population dynamics; community diversity; ecological control
中文摘要：
【目的】 利用作物多样性可有效控制大田害虫发生，并实现保产和减少化学农药施用。【方法】 本研究选取高抗（Lamar；R）、中抗（ZD35；M）和高感（JLNMH；S）斜纹叶蛾Spodoptera litura的大豆品种，进行不同播种模式（即R、M、S单作，RM、RS、MS和RMS各品种等量混播）对大豆产量和主要害虫（斜纹叶蛾S. litura和筛豆龟蝽Megacopta cribraria）种群发生及昆虫群落多样性的影响，以明确最优化大豆混播种植模式，实现基于品种多样性利用的大豆控害保产的生态防控。【结果】 RM和RMS混播下斜纹夜蛾百株虫量与R单作无显著差异，RM混播下筛豆龟蝽M. cribraria百株虫量与R单作也无显著差异，且都显著低于其它播种处理。RM和RMS混播下昆虫多样性指数（H）和均匀度指数（E）都显著高于其它播种模式，但与R单作差异不显著；RM和RMS混播、R单作下昆虫群落丰富度指数（D）都显著高于其它播种处理，但昆虫群落优势度指数（C）与此相反。此外，RM和RMS混播下大豆百株籽粒重都显著高于除R单作外的其它播种处理（42.86%-192.27%），RMS混播下大豆千粒重也最高（高于其它播种处理4.46%-29.31%）。【结论】 RM和RMS混播可显著降低主要害虫种群发生量，明显提高昆虫群落多样性、均匀度和丰富度，并显著提高大豆产量。因此，大豆生产中建议推广高抗、中抗和高感虫品种混播（即RMS模式），以及高抗与中抗虫品种混播（即RM模式）以实现大豆控害保产的生态防控目的。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] Crop diversity can be used to control the occurrence of insect pests, thereby increasing yields and reduce pesticide use. [Methods] Soybean varieties with high resistance (cv. Lamar; R), medium resistance (cv. ZD35; M) and high sensitivity (cv. JLNMH; S), to Spodoptera litura were planted together, and in isolation, to investigate the effects of crop diversity on soybean yield; i.e. we compared the yield from R, M and S monocultures to mixed RM, RS, MS and RMS crops. The population dynamics of key pests (S. litura and Megacopta cribraria) and insect community diversity in these different crops were also assessed to determine the optimal cultivar diversity with respect to effective ecological control of insect pests and soybean production. [Results] There was no significant difference in the number of individual pests per 100 plants between RM, RMS, and R crops, and there was also no significant difference in individual pests per 100 plants between RM and R crops, all of which had significantly lower pest numbers than other crop types. Insect community diversity (H) and evenness (E) of insects in mixed crops were all significantly higher than those in monocultures, but there were no significant differences in these indices between RM, RMS and R crops. Moreover, the community richness (D) of insects in RM and RMS crops were all significantly higher than those of other crops, whereas the reverse was true for community dominance (C). Furthermore, the grain weight per 100 plants for RM and RMS crops was significantly higher (42.86%-192.27%) than for other crops, except for the R monoculture. The RM crop also had the highest 1000-grain weight of all crop types from 4.46% to 29.31%. [Conclusion] We conclude that the abundance of key insect pests were significantly lower in RM and RMS crops, whereas insect community diversity, evenness and dominance and soybean yield, were all higher. Consequently, we recommend jointly sowing soybean cultivars with both high and moderate resistance, or with high, moderate and high sensitivity to insect pests, to enhance both the ecological control of insect pests and soybean production.