五个不同抗病品种小麦对麦长管蚜生长发育的影响
Effects of different wheat varieties on the development of Sitobion avenae
范鸣原；刘 婕；段雪莹；张乃钊；高 峰
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2020.015
作者单位：中国农业大学植物保护学院昆虫学系，北京 100193；中国农业大学植物保护学院昆虫学系，北京 100193；中国农业大学植物保护学院昆虫学系，北京 100193； 中国农业大学植物保护学院昆虫学系，北京 100193；中国农业大学植物保护学院昆虫学系，北京 100193
中文关键词：麦长管蚜；发育历期；繁殖力；抗蚜性
英文关键词：Sogatella furcifera; migration dynamics; mesoscale source areas; trajectory analysis
中文摘要：
【目的】 麦长管蚜Sitobion avenae (Fabricius)是我国麦区常发性的一种害虫，其寄主范围广、繁殖力强，适应机制多样，每年都对我国的小麦产量造成重大损失。【方法】 为选育优良抗性品种小麦，比较不同品种小麦对麦长管蚜生长发育的影响，本实验在室内选取了5种抗蚜性未知的不同小麦品种，观察并统计麦长管蚜在不同品种小麦上的发育历期及成蚜体重和繁殖力。【结果】 不同品种小麦对麦长管蚜若蚜的生长发育影响不同，其中，用绵阳31号饲养的麦长管蚜若蚜平均发育历期最长为180.86 h，用棉农4号饲养的若蚜平均发育历期最短172.92 h，且差异显著。川麦55号上的麦长管蚜的成虫平均发育历期最高为20.93 d，棉麦1403上的麦长管蚜的成虫平均发育历期最低为15.57 d，差异显著。棉农4号上的麦长管蚜成蚜平均体重最大为0.70 mg，荣麦4号上的成蚜平均体重最小为0.50 mg，其余3个处理间差异不显著。川麦55号上的麦长管蚜的平均产蚜量最高为23.1只，显著高于其他4个处理，而其余4个品种小麦上的麦长管蚜繁殖力差异不显著。【结论】 麦长管蚜取食棉农4号后缩短了其若蚜的发育历期，其种群增长速率可能加快从而加重对小麦的危害；而取食绵阳31号的若蚜发育历期延长，种群增长延缓，为害减弱。就繁殖力和成虫发育历期来说，麦长管蚜在川麦55的适合度更高，为害更重。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] The wheat aphid Sitobion avenae is an important insect
pest of wheat in China. Due to its wide host range, high fecundity and
adaptability, this species greatly reduces China's annual wheat yield. [Methods] The growth and development of S.
avenae raised on different wheat varieties were compared under laboratory
conditions to inform the selection and breeding of aphid-resistant wheat
varieties. [Results] The different wheat varieties had
different effects on the growth and development of S. avenae. Nymphs fed on the Mianyang 4 wheat variety had the
longest average developmental duration (180.86 h) whereas those fed on the
Miannong 4 had the shortest (172.92 h). These two wheat varieties had
significantly different effects on the duration of the 1st and 2nd instar nymph stages. Adults raised on the Miannong 4 wheat variety were the
heaviest on average (0.70 mg) whereas those raised on the Rongmai 4 variety
were the lightest (0.50 mg). There were no significant differences in the
weights of adult aphids raised on the Mianyang 31, Mianmai 1403 or Chuanmai 55
wheat varieties. The average fecundity of females raised on Chuanmai 55 was 23.1, significantly higher
than that of those raised on the other four wheat varieties. Adults raised on
Chuanmai 55 also had the longest average lifespan (20.93 d), whereas those
raised on Mianmai 1403 had the shortest (15.57 d). Both these values are
significantly higher, and lower, respectively, than those of adults raised on
the other three wheat varieties, which were not significantly different from
each other. [Conclution] The growth and development of larva S. avenae raised on Miannong 4 were
shortened, which might accelerate the population growth rate and lead to more
damage to wheat. However, the larva S.
avenae fed on mianyang 31 had a longer growth and development period,
meaning the population growth rate was shortened and the damage might become
weakened. According to the fecundity and adult developmental period, the adult S. avenae was more suitable to Chuanmai
55.