植物源挥发物对玉米田天敌昆虫的诱集效果比较
Numbers of natural enemies of corn pests attracted by plant volatile lures
苏建伟；蔡志平；乔 飞；苗 麟；殷三强；郑培清
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2020.022
作者单位：中国科学院动物研究所，农业虫害鼠害综合治理研究国家重点实验室，北京 100101； 河北省阜城县阜星农业科技有限公司，阜城 053700；河北省阜城县科学技术局，阜城 053700
中文关键词：植物挥发物；玉米；天敌；引诱剂
英文关键词：plant volatiles; corn; natural enemies; attractants
中文摘要：
【目的】 比较7种植物源挥发物反式-β-法尼烯、橙花叔醇、6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮、顺-3-己烯乙酸酯、丁香酚、芳樟醇、顺式茉莉酮在玉米田中对天敌昆虫的诱集效果，为利用植物源挥发物对玉米田害虫进行生物防治提供参考。【方法】 将7种植物源挥发物制作挥发物引诱球，利用水盆诱捕器、粘虫板和五点取样法调查百株虫量，比较7种植物源挥发物对捕食性和寄生性天敌昆虫的诱集效果。【结果】 在7种植物源挥发物的筛选中，橙花叔醇对黄缘蜾蠃Anterhynchium
flavomarginatum较其它6种化合物和对照的诱集效果有明显差异，顺式茉莉酮对黑带食蚜蝇Episyrphus balteatus较其它6种化合物和对照的诱集效果有明显差异，反式-β-法尼烯和顺式茉莉酮对龟纹瓢虫Propylaea japonica较其它5种化合物和对照的诱集效果有明显差异；在橙花叔醇和顺式茉莉酮的小区试验中，2种挥发物对龟纹瓢虫和异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis的诱集效果明显优于对照，橙花叔醇对黑带食蚜蝇和虎斑食虫虻Astochia virgatipes的诱集效果明显优于对照。【结论】 在7种植物源挥发物中，对玉米田天敌昆虫的诱集效果，橙花叔醇较好，顺式茉莉酮和反式-β-法尼烯次之。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] To compare the numbers of natural enemies of corn pests attracted by trans-β-farnese, nerolidol, 6-methyl-5-heptene-2-one, cis-3-hexene acetate, eugenol, linalool and cis-jasmonanone in corn fields, and thereby inform the biological control of insect pests in corn fields. [Methods] Water basin traps, sticky plates and the five point sampling method were used to quantify the abundance of predators and parasites of corn pests on 100 corn plants, and thereby compare the attractiveness of the seven plant volatiles to these species. [Results] There were significant differences in the attractiveness of nerolidol to Anterhynchium (D.) flavomarginatum, of cis-jasmonanone to Episyrphus balteatus, and of trans-β-farnene and cis-jasmonanone to Propylaea japonica, compared to the other five compounds and the control. In a plot experiment, nerolidol and cis-jasmonanone were more attractive to E. balteatus and Harmonia axyridis, and nerolidol more to E. balteatus and Astochia virgatipes, than the control. [Conclusion] Of the seven plant volatiles tested, nerolidol was the most attractive to the natural enemies of corn pests, followed by cis-jasmonanone and trans-β-farnese.