有害生物综合防治的生态经济学效益定量评估方法
Quantitative evaluation and case analysis of the economic and ecological benefits of integrated pest control
张晴晴；欧阳芳；戈 峰
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2020.023
作者单位：中国科学院动物研究所，农业虫害鼠害综合治理研究国家重点实验室，北京 100101； 中国科学院大学，生物互作卓越创新中心，北京 100049
中文关键词：生态经济学效益；定量评估；有害生物；综合防治；粮食作物病虫害
英文关键词：economic and ecological benefits; quantitative assessment; pests; integrated control; pests and diseases of grain
中文摘要：
【目的】 如何客观、定量评估有害生物综合防治的生态经济学效益是有效开展有害生物生态调控的基础。但目前评价有害生物综合防治的效益时，更多的是考虑防治的经济效益，而缺乏有关防治带来的生态学效益的定量评估方法。【方法】 本文基于市场价值法，给出了定量评估有害生物综合防治、化学防治的生态经济学效益的方法，并以此方法定量评估了1987-2016年30年中国粮食作物病虫害的损失情况、化学防治及劳动力投入、生态负效益，计算出粮食作物病虫害防治的生态经济学效益。【结果】 有害生物综合防治的生态经济学效益主要与防治效益、投入成本及对生态产生的负效益有关。1987-2016年的粮食作物病虫害防治的生态经济学效益为-250.67-180.85亿元，平均生态经济学效益为-3.81亿元。【结论】 我国粮食作物病虫害综合防治生态经济学效益较低，防治时需要充分考虑其带来的生态负效益；本文提出的有害生物综合防治的生态经济学效益定量评估方法，可为客观、准确评估病虫害综合防治提供科学依据。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] Evaluating both the ecological and economic benefits of integrated pest control (IPM) is essential to comparing its performance to other forms of pest control. However, the economic benefits of IPM are always given greater weight than its ecological benefits. [Methods] Based on the market value method, we propose a new method that can quantitatively evaluate the ecological and economic benefits of both integrated and purely chemical pest control, and use this method to compare the relative benefits of IPM and chemical control in the 30 years from 1987 to 2016. [Results] The economic and ecological benefits of IPM are mainly related to control benefits, input costs and negative benefits to ecology. The economic and ecological benefits of grain pest control were -25.07 billion yuan to 18.09 billion yuan from 1987 to 2016, with average economic and ecological benefits of -0.381 billion yuan. [Conclusion] The ecological and economic benefit of IPM for the prevention and control of grain pests in China has been relatively low, and the negative ecological benefits have not been fully taken into account. We propose a quantitative method for evaluating the economic and ecological benefits of IPM which provides a scientific basis for the objective and accurate evaluation of this form of pest control.