襀翅目昆虫广泛分布在多种类型的水域中，对水中的化学物质较为敏感，是一类重要的水质监测指标生物。本文回顾了我国襀翅目分类的研究历史，其中Klapálek、Navás、Banks及胡经甫对我国早期的襀翅目分类研究做出了重要贡献。同时总结了我国襀翅目物种多样性的研究现状，即我国已记录襀翅目10科、66属、657种（包括台湾分布的31种、香港分布的4种），约占世界已记录种类的17.8%；我国学者定名的种类占全国记录种类的74.7%，其中1949年建国后的70年间定名的种类占67.4%。此外，还对我国襀翅目昆虫的地理分布及系统发育研究进行了总结分析，其中我国学者共测序襀翅目昆虫全线粒体基因组60种，占已测序种类的90.9%，为襀翅目的分子系统发育研究积累了重要分子数据；同时利用这些数据对襀翅目的分子系统发育进行研究，取得了较好的研究结果。最后，文章分析了我国襀翅目系统分类研究存在的主要问题，并对未来的研究进行了展望。

The Plecoptera are widely distributed aquatic insects that are sensitive to chemical substances in water, and therefore important indicators of water quality. This paper reviews the history of taxonomic research on the Plecoptera in China, a field in which Klapálek, Navás, Banks and Wu Chenfu have made important contributions to early taxonomic research. In addition, the species diversity of Chinese Plecoptera is summarized; there are a total of 657 species (including 31 in Taiwan and 4 in Hong Kong) representing 10 families and 66 genera, accounting for about 17.8% of all species worldwide. Species named by Chinese scholars account for 74.7% of all species recorded in China, and species named in the 70 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949 account for 67.4% of this total. In addition, the geographical distribution and phylogenetics of the Plecoptera in China are summarized and analyzed. Chinese scholars have sequenced the complete mitochondrial genomes of 60 species, 90.9% of all species that have been sequenced, and have accumulated important molecular data for molecular phylogenetic studies of this group. These data have allowed good progress to be made on the molecular phylogeny of the Plecoptera. The main obstacles impeding progress on Plecoptera systematics in China are analyzed, and prospects for future research discussed.