昆虫色素研究进展
Progress in research on insect pigments
孙明霞；殷海玮；王京霞；梁爱萍
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2020.033
作者单位：中国科学院动物研究所，中国科学院动物进化与系统学重点实验室，北京 100101；上海复享光学股份有限公司，上海 200433； 中国科学院理化技术研究所，仿生智能界面实验室，北京 100190；中国科学院大学生命科学院，北京 100049
中文关键词：昆虫；色素；研究进展；色彩效应；仿生应用
英文关键词：insect cuticle; pigment; optical effect; research progress; bionic application
中文摘要：
昆虫体表具有丰富的色彩，这一优势有助于其更有效地实现性别识别、伪装警戒、趋敌避害等功能。相对于微纳米结构对昆虫体表色彩效应影响的研究，昆虫色素的研究相对较弱，而且一些已知的色素在成色机制中的作用也不是特别清楚。本文对昆虫色素的种类、存在部位、理化性质、部分目（11目300多种昆虫）中的色素、生物合成途径等进行了概述；对目前昆虫色素研究中存在的问题提出了可能的解决办法，并对昆虫色素的应用现状、研究意义及可能的仿生应用进行了总结和展望。
英文摘要：
The insect cuticle
has rich coloration which contributes to multiple functions such as gender
recognition, camouflage, aposematism and prey avoidance. In contrast to the
comparatively limited study of pigments, there has been considerable progress
in research on the importance of microstructure on the optical effect of insect
cuticle. Furthermore, the concrete contribution of some known pigments to
insect colour mechanism remains unclear. This article categorizes insect
pigments, describes where they exist and their physical and chemical
properties. Pigments are distributed in more than 300 insect species in 10
orders. Biosynthetic pathways are outlined based on the published literature.
Possible solutions to existing problems in research on insect pigments are
proposed. Additionally, the current application, significance and possible
bionics of insect pigments are summarized and assessed.