昆虫肠道的独特结构和理化性质为多种多样的微生物定殖提供了特殊环境，肠道微生物的群落组成与宿主昆虫的生长发育、代谢繁殖等生命活动密切相关。种类丰富多样、生态位分布广泛的昆虫体内含有大量特化的肠道微生物群落，经过长期协同进化形成的共生关系具有多方面无可替代的优势。这种相对稳定的共生关系对昆虫整个生命周期具有极其重要的作用，肠道微生物不仅为宿主提供重要的营养物质、协助消化食物、提高宿主防御和解毒能力，还影响宿主昆虫的寿命、发育周期以及交配与繁殖能力等。同时，昆虫肠道微生物在农业、生态、医药以及能源环保等多个学科领域也显示出了巨大的应用前景。本文就昆虫肠道微生物群落的多样性、功能和影响肠道微生物生存因素，以及应用前景等方面进行综述，讨论了昆虫肠道微生物的最新研究进展。

The unique structure and physicochemical properties of insect intestines provide suitable conditions for colonization by various microorganisms, the community composition of which is closely related to the growth, development, metabolism, reproduction and other life activities, of their insect hosts. Insects have an abundant and diverse gut microflora. The relatively stable symbiotic relationships between insects and their gut microflora play an extremely important role in the insect life cycle. Gut microbiota not only provide important nutrients for their insect hosts but also assist in the digestion of food, immune defense and detoxification. They also affect the life span, development, mating and reproductive capacity of insects. Insect gut microbes can potentially be utilized in many fields, including agriculture, ecology, medicine, energy and environmental protection. This paper reviews recent progress in research on insect gut microbiota, including its diversity, function, factors that affect it and its potential utilization.