贵州菜蚜对杀虫剂的敏感性监测
Susceptibility of cruciferous vegetable aphids in Guizhou province to insecticides
李文红；李添群；杨丽娟；邓利荣；王慧敏；周宇航；李凤良
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2020.089
作者单位：贵州省农业科学院植物保护研究所；贵州省修文县植保植检站站；长江大学；贵阳学院
中文关键词：桃蚜；甘蓝蚜；萝卜蚜；杀虫剂；敏感性
英文关键词：Myzus persicae; Brevicoryne brassicae; Lipaphis erysimi; insecticide; susceptibility
中文摘要：
【目的】 持续监测菜蚜田间种群对杀虫剂的敏感性，是菜蚜防治与抗药性治理的重要措施，本研究旨在探析贵州菜蚜对十字花科蔬菜地常用杀虫剂的敏感性。【方法】 采用叶片浸渍法测定了2017-2018年贵州省贵阳市花溪区、修文县、毕节市黔西县、遵义市播州区桃蚜Myzus persicae、甘蓝蚜Brevicoryne brassicae和萝卜蚜Lipaphis erysimi田间种群对10余种常用药剂的敏感性，并分别以物种、年份、地区和杀虫剂为变量进行数据比较和统计分析。【结果】 3种菜蚜对杀虫剂的敏感性差异显著，桃蚜对杀虫剂的敏感性明显低于甘蓝蚜和萝卜蚜（分别相差12.7倍和15.5倍）；贵州不同地区间同种蚜虫对杀虫剂敏感性差异不明显，贵阳、黔西和息烽甘蓝蚜对杀虫剂敏感性没有差异；贵阳和遵义萝卜蚜对杀虫剂敏感性也没有差异。年度间同种蚜虫对杀虫剂敏感性发生变化，从2017-2018年桃蚜和甘蓝蚜敏感性分别下降了2.2倍和1.9倍；其中贵阳市桃蚜种群对烯啶虫胺、噻虫啉、噻虫嗪、毒死蜱、噻虫胺和溴氰虫酰胺的敏感性下降了5.6-115.0倍；贵阳市甘蓝蚜种群对功夫菊酯、氟啶虫胺腈、毒死蜱、吡虫啉和噻虫嗪的敏感性也有2.1-6.7倍不同程度的下降。【结论】 多数药剂对甘蓝蚜和萝卜蚜的毒力较高，可用于这2种蚜虫的防治，优先推荐噻虫嗪和溴氰虫酰胺等交替轮换使用；桃蚜对多数杀虫剂很不敏感，且抗性上升很快，推荐氟啶虫胺腈、吡虫啉和抗蚜威等药剂暂时还可以用于防治贵州桃蚜，急需寻找新型高效药剂来交替轮换使用。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] To determine the susceptibility to commonly used insecticides in free-living populations of cruciferous vegetables aphids in Guizhou Province, which is important information for controlling, and managing insecticide resistance in, these pests. [Methods] The leaf-dipping method was used to assess susceptibility to more than 10 commonly used insecticides in wild populations of Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus) and Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) in Guiyang, Xifeng, Qianxi and Zunyi in 2017-2018. In addition, detection data, including species, year, population and insecticide, were compared and statistically analyzed. [Results] 1. Significant differences were found in the susceptibility of the three vegetable aphids to the insecticides tested. M. persicae was 12.7- and 15.5-fold, respectively, less susceptible than B. brassicae and L. erysimi. 2. No significant difference in susceptibility was detected among different populations of B. brassicae in Guiyang, Qianxi and Xifeng, and in populations of L. erysimi in Guiyang and Zunyi. 3. Susceptibility of M. persicae and B. brassicae decreased by 2.2- and 1.9-fold from 2017 to 2018. The susceptibility of the Guiyang population M. persicae to nitenpyram, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, chlorpyrifos, clothianidin and cyantraniliprole also significantly decreased by 5.6- to 115.0-fold over this period, and the susceptibility of the Guiyang population of B. brassicae to lambda-cyhalothrin, sulfoxaflor, chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam decreased by 2.1- to 6.7-fold. [Conclusion] Most insecticides that are highly toxic to B. brassicae and L. erysimi can be used to control these two aphid species. Thiamethoxam and cyantraniliprole should be used in rotation. M. persicae was not sensitive to most of the tested insecticides and rapidly develops resistance to these. Sulfoxaflor, imidacloprid and pirimicarb will only be temporarily effective against M. persicae in Guizhou province. New insecticides that are effective against M. persicae are urgently required.