熊蜂主要病虫害的发生和危害现状
Occurrence and current status of the main pathogens and parasites of bumblebees
张广硕；丁桂玲；安建东
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2021.029
作者单位：中国农业科学院蜜蜂研究所，农业农村部授粉昆虫生物学重点开放实验室，北京 100093；中国农业科学院蜜蜂研究所，农业农村部授粉昆虫生物学重点开放实验室，北京 100093；中国农业科学院蜜蜂研究所，农业农村部授粉昆虫生物学重点开放实验室，北京 100093
中文关键词：熊蜂；病虫害；危害；保护措施
英文关键词：bumblebees; pests; harms; protective measures
中文摘要：
熊蜂以其独有的形态特征与生物学特性，在植物授粉中发挥着十分重要作用。然而受寄生虫、真菌等多种病原体影响，近几十年来全球多个地区熊蜂多样性急剧下降。欧洲地熊蜂Bombus terrestris在全球商业化推广应用，加剧了相关熊蜂病虫害的传播和蔓延，已在多地造成生物入侵危害，导致当地传粉蜂多样性下降。本文综述了熊蜂主要病虫害的种类、危害和传播情况，以期有全面深入的认识，并提出对进口商业化熊蜂的管理措施，为我国本土熊蜂资源保护研究奠定基础。
英文摘要：
Due
to their unique morphological characteristics and bionomics bumblebees
play an important role in plant pollination. However, various pathogens such as
parasites and fungi, have caused the diversity of bumblebees to decline sharply
in many parts of the world in recent decades. The global commercial supply and
application of the European bumblebee, Bombus terrestris, has intensified
the spread of bumblebee pathogens and has led to this species becoming invasive
in many places, resulting in a decline in local bee pollinators. This article
reviews the types, hazards, and spread of the main bumblebee pathogens and
parasites, and proposes management measures for imported commercial bumblebees,
thereby laying a foundation for the protection of native Chinese bumblebees.