MicroRNAs（miRNAs）是一类在真核生物中由内源基因编码的小分子RNA，参与昆虫变态、生殖发育、细胞分化等多种重要生物学过程，在转录水平上发挥重要作用。在完全变态昆虫中，大量调控其变态及生殖的miRNA被广泛报道且进行了深入的研究，但miRNA调控不完全变态昆虫的变态及生殖发育的研究仍比较少，对其具体的调控机制也需要进一步阐明。为此，本文综述了近年来miRNA在调控不完全变态昆虫（以直翅目飞蝗Locusta migratoria、半翅目褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens和蚜虫以及部分蜚蠊目昆虫为代表）的变态及生殖方面的研究进展，以期深化理解miRNA对不完全变态昆虫变态和生殖发育方面的机制，为害虫生态治理和综合防控提供科学依据。

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small RNAs encoded by endogenous genes in eukaryotes that are involved in many diverse biological processes, including metamorphosis, reproduction and cell differentiation, which also play an important role at the transcriptional level. A large number of miRNAs which regulate metamorphosis and reproduction have been widely reported in holometabolous insects, however, research on how miRNA regulate development in hemimetabolous insects is still in the early stage and the specific regulatory mechanisms need further clarification. Here, we review recent progress in research on miRNAs in three groups of hemimetabolous insects; migratory locusts, (Orthoptera), brown planthoppers (Hemiptera) and cockroaches (Blattaria), in order to improve understanding of the mechanisms regulating metamorphosis and reproduction in these taxa, and provide a scientific basis for improved ecological pest management and the comprehensive prevention and control of hemimetabolous insect pests.