【目的】 分析人工培殖冬虫夏草Ophiocordyceps sinensis颜色变化的成因，为提升人工培殖冬虫夏草商品规格等级奠定基础。【方法】 以野生冬虫夏草僵虫、人工培殖冬虫夏草僵虫为试验材料，利用苏木精-伊红染色法（Hematoxylin-eosin staining，HE）结合光学显微镜观察组织细胞学变化，采用ELISA方法测定冬虫夏草僵虫的丙二醛（MDA）、过氧化氢（H₂O₂）含量以及多酚氧化酶（PPO）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、胰蛋白酶（TRY）、淀粉酶（AMY）、蔗糖酶（INV）、脂肪酶（LIP）、抗菌肽（ATT）酶活性变化。【结果】 组织细胞学鉴定发现，与野生虫草僵虫（WT）相比，重庆室内培殖虫草僵虫（CQ）和饲喂胡萝卜虫草僵虫（H）的组织细胞及细胞密度均变大。人工培殖虫草活性氧代谢相关酶活性、免疫耐受力相关酶活性及MDA和H₂O₂含量变化具有显著差异。与野生虫草僵虫（WT）相比，重庆室内培殖虫草僵虫（CQ）和饲喂胡萝卜虫草僵虫（H）的PPO、SOD、POD酶活性增加，而CAT酶活性降低，其中SOD酶活力显著增加；H的活性氧代谢相关酶酶活性变化最显著，尤其是PPO与SOD酶活性分别增加37.19%、23.98%；CQ和H的MDA和H₂O₂含量显著降低；CQ和H的TRY、AMY、INV、LIP、ATT酶活性均增加，其中AMY与LIP酶活力显著增加。【结论】 人工培殖冬虫夏草僵虫颜色变化与活性氧代谢、免疫耐受力代谢相关，为提高人工培殖冬虫夏草的商品规格等级提供了理论指导。

[Objectives]  Color formation in artificially cultivated Ophiocordyceps sinensis was investigated in order to improve the quality of this economically important product. [Methods]  The sclerotium of wild and artificially cultivated O. sinensis were observed before stroma development with HE staining, and tested to determine its malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) content. In addition, polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), trypsin (TRY), amylase (AMY), invertase (INV), lipase (LIP) and attacin (ATT) activity levels, were assessed using ELISA-based methods. [Results]  Before the stroma development stage, sclerotium cell size and cell density were highest in Chongqing artificially cultivated O. sinensis (CQ), followed by carrot fed O. sinensis (H), and lowest in wild type O. sinensis (WT). In artificially cultivated O. sinensis, significant differences were observed in the activity of enzymes involved in the reactive oxygen metabolism, immune tolerance metabolism and MDA and H₂O₂ content regulation. Compared to the WT, PPO, SOD and POD activities were higher in the CQ and H treatment groups, whereas CAT activity was lower. However, of these changes, only the increase in SOD activity was significant. The activities of enzymes involved in reactive oxygen metabolism in the H group underwent significant changes, especially PPO and SOD activity, which increased by 37.19%, and 23.98%, respectively. MDA and H₂O₂ content in the CQ and H groups decreased significantly, whereas the TRY, AMY, INV, LIP, and ATT activity increased, although only the increases in AMY and LIP were significant. [Conclusion]  Color formation in artificially-cultivated O. sinensis is related to the reactive oxygen metabolism and immune tolerance metabolism. These findings provide information that can improve the quality of artificially cultivated O. sinensis.