【目的】 为明确南美斑潜蝇Liriomyza huidobrensis经快速冷耐受（Rapid cold hardening，RCH）处理后的基础耐寒性的变化，以探究南美斑潜蝇RCH的生理生化机制。【方法】 根据初步筛选的胁迫温度和驯化时间的结果，将南美斑潜蝇蛹直接进行低温胁迫（Cold shock，CS）和先进行RCH驯化后再进行低温胁迫（RCH+CS）后，记录南美斑潜蝇蛹的羽化率；利用热电偶方法测定驯化后和未驯化蛹的过冷却点；分别采用气相色谱-质谱仪联用法（GC-MS）、液相色谱-质谱联用技术（HPLC-MS）及分光光度计测定不同处理模式下南美斑潜蝇的脂肪酸、糖类以及甘油的含量。【结果】 经RCH驯化后再进行低温胁迫的南美斑潜蝇蛹的羽化率显著增加（由20.00%增至45.56%，F_{4, 10}=10.37，P<0.05），但过冷却点（SCP）却没有明显变化（未驯化﹣19.90 ℃，驯化后﹣20.10 ℃，t=0.703，P>0.05）；RCH驯化后南美斑潜蝇体内棕榈油酸含量增加（由5.96%增至19.26%，F_{3, 8}=52.717，P<0.05），棕榈酸含量下降（由24.32%降至2.94%，F_{3, 8}=65.456，P<0.05），总不饱和脂肪酸和饱和脂肪酸比值升高（由2.17增至10.94，F_{3, 8}=64.347，P<0.05）；RCH驯化后南美斑潜蝇体内的海藻糖（由5.46 μg/mg增至7.71 μg/mg，F_{3, 8}=9.912，P<0.05）和甘油的含量升高（由1.177 μg/mg增至1.314 μg/mg，F_{3, 8}=6.428，P<0.05），而葡萄糖含量下降（由1.84 μg/mg降至1.22 μg/mg，F_{3, 8}=191.298，P<0.05）。【结论】 南美斑潜蝇RCH与脂肪酸的不饱和度增加以及海藻糖、葡萄糖和甘油这3种抗冻物质均有关。

[Objectives]  To determine changes in the basic cold tolerance of Liriomyza huidobrensis after undergoing rapid cold hardening (RCH), and to investigate the physiological and biochemical effects of RCH in this species. [Methods]  According to the results of a pilot study of temperature stress and acclimation time, the emergence rate of L. huidobrensis pupae was recorded after RCH acclimation and subsequently under low temperature stress (CS). A thermocouple was used to determine the supercooling point of acclimated and unacclimated pupae. GC-MS, HPLC-MS and spectrophotometer were used to determine the amount of fatty acids, sugars and glycerol in pupae under different temperature treatments. [Results]  The emergence rate of L. huidobrensis pupae increased significantly (20.00% to 45.60%)(F_{4, 10}=10.37, P<0.05) after RCH acclimation and subsequent exposure to low temperature stress but their supercooling point (SCP) did not change significantly (unacclimated: ﹣19.90 ℃, after acclimation: ﹣20.10 ℃)(t=0.703, P>0.05). After RCH, the content of palmitoleic acid increased (from 5.96% to 19.26%) (F_{3, 8}=52.717, P<0.05) whereas the content of palmitic acid decreased (from 24.32% to 2.94%) (F_{3, 8}=65.456, P<0.05). The ratio of total unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids increased (from 2.17 to 10.94) (F_{3, 8}=64.347, P<0.05). After acclimation, trehalose content increased (5.46 μg/mg to 7.71 μg/mg) (F_{3, 8}=9.912, P<0.05), glycerol content increased (from 1.177 μg/mg to 1.314 μg/mg) (F_{3, 8}=6.428, P<0.05) and glucose content decreased (from 1.84 μg/mg to 1.22 μg/mg) (F_{3, 8}=191.298, P<0.05). [Conclusion]  RCH in L. huidobrensis causes an increase in unsaturated fatty acids and cryoprotectants, including trehalose, glucose and glycerin.