蠋蝽对斜纹夜蛾和棉铃虫幼虫捕食能力及捕食选择性研究
The predatory capacity of Arma custos for Spodoptera litura and Helicoverpa armigera larvae
孙婧婧；王孟卿；张礼生；赵 萍；彩万志；李 虎
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2022.007
作者单位：中国农业大学植物保护学院昆虫学系，北京 100193；中国农业科学院植物保护研究所，北京 100193； 南宁师范大学地理与海洋研究院，南宁 530001
中文关键词：蠋蝽；斜纹夜蛾；棉铃虫；捕食选择性；生物防治
英文关键词：Arma custos; Spodoptera litura；Helicoverpa armigera；predation preference；biological control
中文摘要：
【目的】 为探究蠋蝽Arma custos对烟草2种重要害虫斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura和棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera幼虫的捕食能力，以及当2种害虫共存时的捕食选择性。【方法】 通过非选择性和选择性捕食试验，在室内条件下测定了蠋蝽3-5龄若虫和成虫对斜纹夜蛾3龄幼虫和棉铃虫3龄幼虫的日捕食量，以及当2种猎物共存时的捕食选择性。【结果】 非选择性捕食试验结果表明，蠋蝽3-5龄若虫和成虫对斜纹夜蛾幼虫的日捕食量分别为3.90、5.20、8.70和7.40头，对棉铃虫幼虫的日捕食量分别为3.30、8.20、14.30和11.10头，除蠋蝽3龄若虫外，4龄、5龄若虫和成虫对棉铃虫幼虫的捕食量均显著高于对斜纹夜蛾幼虫的捕食量。选择性捕食试验结果表明，当2种猎物密度相同时，蠋蝽3-5龄若虫和成虫均对斜纹夜蛾3龄幼虫表现出正喜好性，对棉铃虫3龄幼虫表现出负喜好性；当一种猎物密度变化时，除斜纹夜蛾幼虫密度较低时外，蠋蝽对斜纹夜蛾幼虫的捕食量均显著高于对棉铃虫幼虫的捕食量，且在不同猎物密度下蠋蝽均对斜纹夜蛾幼虫表现出正喜好性。【结论】 蠋蝽对棉铃虫3龄幼虫的捕食能力更高，但当2种害虫同时发生时，蠋蝽对斜纹夜蛾3龄幼虫的捕食选择性高于棉铃虫，对斜纹夜蛾的控制效果更好。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] To determine the predatory ability and prey preferences of Arma custos with respect to larvae of the tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura, and the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera. [Methods] The daily predation rate and prey preferences of 3rd, 4th and 5th-instar nymphs and adults of A. custos with respect to 3rd-instar larvae of S. litura and H. armigera were studied using both non-choice and choice tests under laboratory conditions. [Results] The daily predation rate of 3rd, 4th and 5th-instar nymphs, and adult, A. custos on S. litura were 3.90, 5.20, 8.70 and 7.40 larvae/day, respectively, and on H. armigera were 3.30, 8.20, 14.30 and 11.10 larvae/day, respectively. The daily predation rate of all developmental stages of A. custos, with the exception of 3rd-instar nymph stage, was significantly higher on H. armigera than that on S. litura. Choice tests showed that, under the same prey density, A. custos had a significant preference for S. litura over H. armigera. The daily predation rate of A. custos on S. litura larvae was significantly higher than that on H. armigera larvae at almost all prey density combinations, except when the S. litura density was much lower. [Conclusion] These results show that, although A. custos had a higher daily predation rate on 3rd-instar larvae of H. armigera than those of S. litura, when 3rd-instar larvae S. litura and H. armigera larvae were both present, A. custos preferentially preyed on S. litura.