【目的】 通过比较小线角木蠹蛾Streltzoviella insularis Staudinger幼虫取食不同寄主后的肠道转录组，旨在挖掘幼虫对寄主适应的相关基因，为探究小线角木蠹蛾幼虫对寄主的适应机制提供分子生物学数据。【方法】 采用Illumina二代测序技术，测定小线角木蠹蛾幼虫取食3种不同寄主树种（洋白蜡、银杏和国槐）15 d后的肠道转录组，使用BLAST软件对unigene序列进行GO和KEGG富集，通过比较分析筛选出幼虫对寄主适应的相关基因。【结果】 取食国槐与取食洋白蜡的小线角木蠹蛾幼虫的差异表达基因数量有916个，取食银杏与取食洋白蜡的小线角木蠹蛾幼虫的差异表达基因数量为1 163个，取食银杏与国槐的小线角木蠹蛾幼虫的差异表达基因数量为1 621个；其中，上调表达的差异基因与解毒代谢、水解酶和转运蛋白等密切相关；取食不同寄主的幼虫肠道差异基因中，解毒酶（17个）和消化酶（20个）的差异基因数量都明显多于保护酶（5个）。本研究筛选出2个解毒酶基因、3个消化酶基因和1个保护酶基因，可作为小线角木蠹蛾幼虫对寄主适应机制的重点研究对象。【结论】 本研究初步揭示了小线角木蠹蛾幼虫响应不同寄主的差异表达基因，为进一步探究小线角木蠹蛾对寄主的适应机制提供了基础依据。

[Objectives]  By comparing the gut transcriptome of Streltzoviella insularis Staudinger larvae feeding on different hosts, the aim is to explore the genes related to the host adaptation of S. insularis larvae. It will provide molecular biological data for exploring the adaptation mechanism of S. insularis larvae to the host. [Methods]  The Illumina second-generation sequencing technology was used to determine the transcriptome of the S. insularis gut, after the larvae were fed on three different hosts (Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Ginkgo biloba, Sophora japonica) 15 days. BLAST software were performed GO and KEGG enrichment on unigene sequences. The genes related to host adaptation of larvae were screened by comparative analysis. [Results]  There were 916 differentially expressed genes between the larvae feeding on S. japonica and the larvae feeding on F. pennsylvanica, 1 163 differentially expressed genes between the larvae feeding on G. biloba and the larvae feeding on F. pennsylvanica, and 1 621 differentially expressed genes between the larvae feeding on G. biloba and the larvae feeding on S. japonica. The up-regulated differential genes were closely related to detoxification metabolism, hydrolase and transporter proteins. The number of differentially expressed genes annotated to detoxification enzymes (17 genes) and digestive enzymes (20 genes) was significantly higher than those to protective enzymes (5 genes) in larvae fed on different hosts. Two detoxification enzymes genes, three digestive enzyme genes and a protective enzyme gene were screened out as the key genes for the study of S. insularis larval adaptation to hosts. [Conclusion]  This study initially revealed the differentially expressed genes of S. insularis larvae in response to different hosts. It will provide a basis for further exploration of the adaptation mechanism of S. insularis larvae to hosts.