桃蛀螟Conogethes punctiferalis（Guenée）是一种多食性的害虫，对我国多种果树、经济作物以及玉米等农作物造成严重为害；而松蛀螟C. pinicolalis Inoue and Yamanaka是一种寡食性害虫，主要取食以马尾松为主的松科植物，对我国林业生产带来严重的损害。因这两种害虫是近缘种，从卵到成虫各个发育阶段的形态极为相似，长期以来被误认为是同一物种——桃蛀螟，不利于两种害虫的预测预报和精准防控等研究工作的开展。为此，本文从生物学、形态学以及分子生物学特征对桃蛀螟和松蛀螟进行了比较分析，并提出了一些研究建议，以期为这两种害虫的监测预警和防控等方面的研究提供参考。

Conogethes punctiferalis (Guenée) is a polyphagous pest that causes serious damage to a variety of fruit trees and crops such as corn, in China, whereas C. pinicolalis Inoue and Yamanaka is an oligophagous pest that mainly feeds on the pine family, including Pinus massoniana Lamb, causing serious damage to forestry production. Because these two pests are sibling species with similar morphology from the egg to adult stage, they are often mistaken for the same species, which is not conducive to accurate prediction and forecasting or effective prevention and control. This study presents a comparative analysis of the biological, morphological and molecular biological characteristics of both species based on our research and a literature review. We also make suggestions for future research, including research on monitoring, early warning and methods of controlling these two pests.