交配和温度对草地贪夜蛾性信息素通讯的影响
Effects of mating and temperature on sex pheromone communication in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
刘思若；郭金梦；郑树壕； 闫 祺；郭慧芳；董双林
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2022.056
作者单位：南京农业大学植物保护学院，农作物生物灾害综合治理教育部重点实验室，南京 210095； 江苏省农业科学院植物保护研究所，南京 210014
中文关键词：草地贪夜蛾；交配；温度；性信息素；触角电位
英文关键词：Spodoptera frugiperda; mating; temperature; sex pheromone; electroantennography
中文摘要：
【目的】 明确交配和温度对草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda性信息素通讯的影响，为田间草地贪夜蛾的性信息素防治提供参考。【方法】 采用溶剂浸提法提取草地贪夜蛾雌蛾性信息素腺体中的化学组分；利用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）技术对提取物中的组分进行化学鉴定；利用气相色谱（GC）技术分析雌蛾腺体中各组分的含量；利用触角电位（EAG）技术测定雄蛾对腺体各组分及性信息素类似物的电生理反应。在不同温度（20-35）℃下饲养草地贪夜蛾，以研究温度对其性信息素通讯的影响。【结果】 GC-MS分析发现，草地贪夜蛾雌蛾腺体内含有Z7-12:Ac等7种组分。交配实验表明，雌蛾在1个暗期内只交配1次，在羽化后7 d内可交配多次，其中交配2次及以上的占44%（单对放置）和67%（30对放置）。交配显著抑制雌蛾在次日暗期（交配后第1个暗期）的求偶活动，但在交配后第2个暗期基本恢复正常；在交配后第1个暗期，雌蛾腺体中主要组分Z9-14:Ac的含量和比例较对照雌蛾显著升高，其他组分无显著变化。在20-35 ℃的饲养温度范围内，雌蛾腺体内16:Ac的含量在35 ℃时最高，在20 ℃时未能检测出；各测试温度下Z11-16:Ac的含量相差不显著；其余5种组分均在25 ℃时最高；主要活性组分Z7-12:Ac和Z9-14:Ac在35 ℃时显著降低。饲养温度对腺体内各组分的相对比例也有较大影响，12:Ac、Z11-14:Ac、Z11-16:Ac和16:Ac所占比例均在30-35 ℃时较高，而Z9-14:Ac则在20-25 ℃时较高。不同饲养温度所得雄蛾对腺体主要组分的触角电位反应无显著差异。【结论】 交配显著抑制草地贪夜蛾雌蛾在次日的求偶行为；25 ℃饲养条件最适宜雌蛾腺体内性信息素等组分的合成。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] To clarify the effects of mating and temperature on the sex pheromone communication system of Spodoptera frugiperda. [Methods] Chemical components were extracted from the sex pheromone glands of female moths with hexane, and their chemical structure determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The content of each component was quantified by GC using the internal standard method. The electroantennogram (EAG) method was used to measure the responses of male antennae to glandular components and their analogs. The effect of temperature on pheromone communication was investigated by rearing moths at different temperatures (20-35 ℃). [Results] GC-MS analysis identified seven components (Z7-12: Ac and etc.) in the sex pheromone glands of female moths. The results of mating experiments indicate that female moths mate only once in each dark period, but many times within seven days after emergence; 44% of female moths housed with a single male mated twice or more compared to 67% of those kept in a population of 30 pairs. The mating activity of female moths was significantly lower on the first dark period after mating, but returned to almost normal levels during the second dark period after mating. The content and proportion of Z9-14:Ac, the main active component in the glands of mated female moths, was significantly higher than in those of control moths on the day after mating but there was no significant difference in the contents of the other six glandular components. Female moths raised at 35 ℃ secreted the most 16:Ac, whereas this was too low to be detected in those reared at 20 ℃. There was no significant difference in the contents of Z11-16:Ac in moths reared at all test temperatures. The other five components were all highest in moths reared at 25 ℃, and the content of two major active components (Z7-12:Ac and Z9-14:Ac) were significantly lower in moths reared at 35 ℃. Temperature also affected the relative proportions of each component secreted, the ratios of 12:Ac, Z11-14:Ac, Z11-16:Ac and 16:Ac were higher in moths reared at 30-35 ℃, whereas the ratio of Z9-14:Ac was higher in those reared at 20-25 ℃. EAG test results indicate that temperature had no significant effect on the EAG responses of male moths to sex pheromones. [Conclusion] Mating significantly inhibited the pheromone signaling behavior of female S. frugiperda in the next dark period. 25 ℃ was the optimum temperature for the synthesis of sex pheromones and other glandular components.