茶园杂草艾蒿挥发物对茶小绿叶蝉行为的影响
Effects of Artemisia argyi volatiles on the behavior of the tea green leafhopper (Empoasca onukii) in tea plantations
张 辉；李慧玲；王定锋；吴光远；王庆森
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2022.080
作者单位：福建省农业科学院茶叶研究所，福州 350012；福建省农业科学院茶叶研究所，福州 350012；福建省农业科学院茶叶研究所，福州 350012
中文关键词：艾蒿；挥发物；茶小绿叶蝉；驱避作用
英文关键词：Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350012, China
中文摘要：
【目的】 研究艾蒿Artemisia argyi挥发物对茶小绿叶蝉Empoasca onukii的驱避或引诱作用，以期为茶小绿叶蝉“推-拉”策略的应用提供理论依据。【方法】 采用Y型嗅觉仪，测定艾蒿植株挥发物对茶小绿叶蝉3龄若虫的行为选择，通过固相微萃取-气质联用技术提取和分析艾蒿植株挥发物组分，并对活性单体进行田间试验。【结果】 在室内，艾蒿嫩茎植物挥发物对茶小绿叶蝉具有极显著的驱避作用（P<0.01）；提取并鉴定出艾蒿植物挥发性化合物72种，其中，单组分中β-石竹烯、D-樟脑、大牛儿烯D和左旋-α-蒎烯化合物的相对含量较大，分别占总量的27.81%、10.94%、7.19%和4.23%；浓度为1 µL/mL和0.01 µL/mL的挥发物单体β-蒎烯对茶小绿叶蝉3龄若虫具有极显著的驱避作用（P<0.01）；浓度为 1 µL/mL的β-石竹烯和浓度为100 µL/mL的cis-香芹醇对茶小绿叶蝉3龄若虫具有显著的驱避作用（P<0.05），浓度为0.01 µL/mL的胡椒酮对茶小绿叶蝉3龄若虫具有显著引诱作用（P<0.05）；田间试验结果表明，β-蒎烯、β-石竹烯和cis-香芹醇具有驱避茶小绿叶蝉成虫的作用，与对照比较，降低了黄板上茶小绿叶蝉成虫数量。【结论】 艾蒿植物挥发物中β-蒎烯、β-石竹烯和cis-香芹醇3种化合物是驱避茶小绿叶蝉的重要物质，其驱避效果与挥发物的物质浓度有关。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] To study the effect of mugwort Artemisia argyi volatiles on Empoasca onukii in order to identify compounds suitable for developing a “push-pull” strategy to control this pest in tea plantations. [Methods] Mugwort volatiles were collected and identified with SPME-GC-MS and the behavioral responses of E. onukii to 10 of these compounds were then tested in a Y-tube olfactometer. Behaviorally-active compounds were also tested in a tea plantation. [Results] Third instar nymphs had a significantl negative taxis response to A. argyi odors (P<0.01). Seventy-two volatile compounds were identified from A. argyi shoots with fresh leaves. Among these, β-caryophyllene, D-camphre, Germacrene D and 1S-alpha -Pinene were the most abundant, accounting for 27.81%, 10.94%, 7.19% and 4.23% of the total content, respectively. Compared to the control, β-pinene at concentrations of 1 µL/mL and 0.01 µL/mL，β-caryophyllene at the concentration of 1 µL /mL and cis-carveol at the concentration of 100 µL/mL, significantly repelled 3rd instar nymphs (P<0.01 or P<0.05), whereas piperitone, at the concentration of 1 µL/mL, significantly attracted these (P<0.05). Field experiments show that β-pinene, β-caryophyllene and cis-carvol repel adult green leafhoppers, thereby reducing the number captured on yellow board traps. [Conclusion] Three bioactive compounds of A. argyi volatiles (β-pinene, β-caryophyllene and cis-carvol) are repellent to E. onukii and the degree of repellence increases with dosage.