随着测序技术的更新迭代和生物信息学的快速发展，有关水稻害虫及其天敌基因组学的研究也得到广泛的关注。目前，褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens、白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera、灰飞虱Laodelphax striatellus、大螟Sesamia inferens、二化螟Chilo suppressalis、三化螟Scirpophaga incertulas、稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis和稻显纹纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis exigua等多种水稻害虫的基因组图谱已被完成。同时一些水稻害虫天敌如黑肩绿盲蝽Cyrtorhinus lividipennis、二化螟盘绒茧蜂Cotesia chilonis和稻虱缨小蜂Anagrus nilaparvatae等的基因组也正在被挖掘，这些天敌基因组的破译为水稻害虫的生物防治提供了坚实的数据支撑。本文综述了水稻害虫及其天敌基因组大小等特征信息以及基因组对其生物学特性的作用等方面的研究进展，并结合组学的发展对未来水稻害虫及其天敌基因组的研究方向进行了展望。

Recent innovations in sequencing technology and the development of bioinformatics have allowed the genomics of rice pests and their natural enemies to be more widely studied. At present, the draft genomes of many rice pests, such as Nilaparvata lugens, Sogatella furcifera, Laodelphax striatellus, Sesamia inferens, Chilo suppressalis, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis and Susumia exigua, have been completed. At the same time, the genomes of some natural enemies of rice pests are also being sequenced. The molecular mechanisms underlying the biological characteristics of rice pests and their natural enemies is gradually becoming clearer with the help of genomics. This paper mainly summarizes important progress in genomics research on rice pests and their natural enemies, and outlines future prospects for research in combination with the development of omics.