蚊子通过吸食脊椎动物的血液获取产卵必须的营养从而繁殖后代。蚊子在吸食人血的过程中，可以传播多种严重的人类疾病，对人类健康危害极大。随着全球化的迅速发展以及全球性气候变化加剧，以登革病毒和寨卡病毒为代表的虫媒病毒分布也呈现全球化。我国地理跨度大，本土的病原和媒介丰富，并且随着我国人口增长、城市化的扩大、国际贸易频繁、国际旅游增多等因素，导致输入性的蚊传疾病也越来越多，带来的公共卫生问题也越来越受到重视。本文对我国重要的蚊传疾病（登革热、日本脑炎、疟疾、黄热病、西尼罗河热、寨卡热、基孔肯尼亚热、辛徳毕斯病等）及其媒介蚊类、分布与特性等进行系统介绍，以期为我国蚊及蚊传疾病的系统研究和综合防控提供理论基础。

Mosquitoes breed by feeding on the blood of vertebrates to obtain the nutrients necessary to oviposition. In the process of feeding on human blood, mosquitoes can transmit a variety of serious human diseases and pose a great risk to human health. With the rapid development of globalization and the intensification of global climate change, the distribution of arboviruses represented by the dengue virus (DENV) and the Zika virus (ZIKV) has also presents globalization. China has a large geographical span and abundant local pathogens and vectors. With the growth of population, the expansion of urbanization, the frequent international trade and the increase of international tourism, there are more and more imported mosquito-borne diseases, and the public health problems caused by these diseases have also been paid more and more attention. In this paper, we systematically introduce the mosquito-borne diseases (dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, malaria, yellow fever, West Nile fever, Zika fever, Chikungunya fever, and Sindbis disease) and their vectors, their distribution and characteristics, in order to provide theoretical basis for the systematic research and comprehensive control of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases in China.