美国白蛾核型多角体病毒与四种常用化学杀虫剂的复配增效作用研究
The synergistic effect of HycuNPV on four common chemical insecticides
谢丹洁，刘云朋，汪海鹏，刘程林，赵同海，曲良建
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2023.006
作者单位：中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所，国家林业与草原局森林保护学重点实验室，北京 100091
中文关键词：美国白蛾；核型多角体病毒；化学杀虫剂；增效作用
英文关键词：Hyphantria cunea; nucleopolyhedrovirus; chemical insecticide; synergistic effect
中文摘要：
【目的】 比较甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐（简称：甲维盐）、高效氯氰菊酯、灭幼脲和苦参碱4种常用杀虫剂对美国白蛾Hyphantria cunea幼虫的杀虫活性，筛选出和美国白蛾核型多角体病毒（Hyphantria cunea nucleopolyhedrovirus，HycuNPV）混配后具有显著增效作用的杀虫剂，明确其最佳混配比例，从而为今后美国白蛾的高效防治提供依据和参考。【方法】 以美国白蛾3龄幼虫为试虫，采用人工饲料表面涂布法分别测定美国白蛾核型多角体病毒和4种化学杀虫剂的毒力。利用共毒因子法评价4种杀虫剂与HycuNPV混配后的杀虫效果，明确具有显著增效作用的化学杀虫剂，并研究其使用的最佳增效配比和浓度。【结果】 供试的4种杀虫剂对美国白蛾3龄幼虫的毒力大小顺序为甲维盐>高效氯氰菊酯>灭幼脲>苦参碱，其致死中浓度（Medianlethal concentration，LC50）依次为0.021、2.149、4.522和70.255 mg·L﹣1。HycuNPV与甲维盐分别以致死中浓度混配后表现出显著的增效作用，且两者体积比1︰9时增效作用最为显著，其增效比值为29.06倍，致死中时间（Median lethal time，LT50）与仅用HycuNPV相比缩短了2.89 d。【结论】 4种杀虫剂中甲维盐对美国白蛾3龄幼虫毒力最高，且与HycuNPV复配后具有最显著的增效作用。当HycuNPV与甲维盐的浓度分别为0.021 mg·L﹣1和1.18×106 OBs·mL﹣1，且体积比为1︰9的复配比例下效果最好。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] To compare the insecticidal activity of four commonly used insecticides; emamectin benzoate, beta-cypermethrin, chlorobenzuron and matrine, on the larvae of Hyphantria cunea (Drury), in order to determine which have a significant synergistic interaction with the Hyphantria cunea nuclear polyhedrosis virus (HycuNPV). [Methods] Groups of 3rd instar larvae of H. cunea infected with HycuNPV were treated with one of the four chemical insecticides above using the artificial feed surface coating method. The synergistic interaction between each insecticide and HycuNPV was then evaluated using the co-toxicity factor method. Those insecticides with a significant synergistic effect were identified, and the optimal pesticide: virus ratio and concentration was determined. [Results] The relative toxicity of the four insecticides tested was: emamectin benzoate >beta-cypermethrin>chlorobenzuron>matrine, and their median lethal concentrations (LC50) were 0.021, 2.149, 4.522 and 70.255 mg·L﹣1, respectively. A combination of emamectin benzoate (0.021 mg·L﹣1) and HycuNPV(1.18×106 OBs·mL﹣1) had a significant synergistic effect. A pesticide: virus volume ratio of 1︰9 resulted in a 29.06 fold increase in mortality and a 2.89 day reduction in the median lethal time (LT50) compared to HycuNPV in isolation. [Conclusion] Among the insecticides tested, emamectin benzoate had both the highest toxicity to 3rd instar H. cunea larvae, and the greatest synergy with HycuNPV. Optimum toxicity was achieved at a concentration of 0.021 mg·L﹣1 emamectin benzoate and 1.18×106 OBs·mL﹣1HycuNPV and a volume ratio of 1︰9.