【目的】 为明确铜离子对果蝇Drosophila产卵选择的影响，并揭示铜胁迫对果蝇亲本及子代的毒理作用。【方法】 采用双向选择产卵装置，观察果蝇对不同浓度的铜离子的产卵选择性，并测定果蝇的产卵能力；在黑暗条件下，研究视觉系统对铜离子的产卵选择性；通过外科手术法摘除果蝇触角嗅觉感受器和前足味觉感受器，分别探究介导该行为的感官系统；通过设置不同浓度CuSO₄的培养基培养果蝇，检测铜离子对其后代发育历期和存活率的影响；利用存活率和运动能力装置测定果蝇适合度，评价铜离子对果蝇成虫毒理作用；利用荧光染色，检测肠道ROS水平。【结果】 果蝇对铜离子有产卵避性反应，对3、5和6 mmol·L^-1 CuSO₄的产卵偏嗜指数分别为﹣0.33、﹣0.54和﹣0.78，产卵避性呈现浓度梯度效应。果蝇的视觉和嗅觉系统不影响铜离子对果蝇的产卵避性，摘除前足的果蝇部分味觉缺失，对3、5和6 mmol·L^-1  CuSO₄的产卵偏嗜指数分别为﹣0.27、﹣0.42和﹣0.55，与对照组相比无显著性差异，但产卵避性有减弱趋势。与对照组相比， 2.4 mmol·L^-1  CuSO₄分别延长了后代成蛹时间和羽化时间2.5 d和1.8 d，后代蛹和成虫存活率分别降低了13.9%和13.7%。与对照组相比，36 mmol·L^-1  CuSO₄也显著地降低了果蝇亲代的存活率和运动能力。铜离子激活机体免疫系统，肠道ROS水平升高。【结论】 果蝇雌性成虫对铜离子有产卵避性反应，并且激活机体免疫系统抵抗铜胁迫的毒理作用。

[Objectives]  To determine the effect of copper ions on the selection of oviposition sites by Drosophila, and the toxicity of copper ions to both parents and progeny. [Methods]  The effect of copper ions on the choice of oviposition sites by adult female Drosophila were evaluated using a two-choice apparatus. To determine the role of vision in female oviposition preferences some choice experiments were carried out in darkness. The sensory systems mediating this behavior were investigated by surgically removing the taste receptors from the forelegs and the olfactory receptor from the antennae. Drosophila were also cultured on media containing various concentrations of CuSO₄ and the developmental duration and survival of offspring from each treatment were compared to evaluate the biological significance of avoidance of copper ions during oviposition. Fitness was assessed on the basis of survival rate and locomotion. Levels of ROS in the gut were measured with DHE staining. [Results]  Adult female Drosophila avoided laying eggs on media containing 3, 5 and 6 mmol·L^-1 CuSO₄. Oviposition indices on these media were ﹣0.33, ﹣0.54 and ﹣0.78, respectively, indicating that oviposition declined in a concentration-dependent manner. Darkness and olfaction did not affect the avoidance of copper ions by female Drosophila. Partial taste-impaired and taste-impaired flies avoided laying eggs on the media containing 3, 5 and 6 mmol·L^-1 CuSO₄; oviposition indices on these media were ﹣0.27, ﹣0.42 and ﹣0.55, respectively. There was no significant difference in the oviposition indices of taste-impaired flies and the control, but there was a tendency for taste-impaired flies to be less averse to copper ions. Raising larvae on media containing 2.4 mmol·L^-1 CuSO₄ prolonged puparium formation and adult emergence by 2.5 d and 1.8 d, respectively, relative to the control, and larval and adult survival rates of offspring raised on this media decreased by 13.9% and 13.7%, respectively. Flies had lower survival and locomotion rates on media containing 36 mmol·L^-1 CuSO₄. [Conclusion]  Copper ions activate the Drosophila immune system by elevating ROS levels in the gut. Adult female Drosophila avoid ovipositing on media containing copper ions, and activate their immune system when exposed to these, in order to resist copper stress.