【目的】 本研究旨在探究酰基辅酶A结合蛋白（ACBP）和胺类信号分子5-羟色胺（5-HT）对意大利蜜蜂上颚腺分泌10-羟基-2癸烯酸（10-HDA）的影响。【方法】 以饲喂非特异性dsRNA和糖水为对照，通过饲喂acbp特异性的双链RNA（dsRNA）敲低工蜂acbp的表达；对以上处理组和对照组分别进行上颚腺腺体形态观察，转录组测序和筛选差异基因（P-adjust<0.05）；对差异基因进行GO和KEGG富集分析；结合脂肪酸代谢和色氨酸代谢的关键基因表达检测结果以及上颚腺10-HDA含量的检测结果，系统研究ACBP和5-HT对工蜂上颚腺10-HDA合成的影响。【结果】 acbp敲低导致上颚腺10-HDA含量显著下降约20%；转录组学比较分析结果发现488个差异基因，主要参与脂肪酸降解、PPAR信号通路和多种氨基酸代谢通路。有趣的是，色氨酸代谢通路的amd，aldh等差异基因的变化可能导致5-HT的积累。然后通过外源5-HT饲喂哺育蜂，发现上颚腺的10-HDA的产量显著下降约30%。外源5-HT引起上颚腺的5-HT1、5-HT2α、5-HT2β受体编码基因上调表达，并显著抑制编码脂肪酸跨膜运输蛋白的线粒体cpt2和过氧化物酶体abcd3的表达。【结论】 ACBP主要通过脂肪酸降解和氨基酸代谢两方面影响上颚腺不饱和脂肪酸的合成，并与色胺类信号分子5-HT的正常代谢有关；5-HT抑制上颚腺合成10-HDA，并且显著影响细胞内肉碱棕榈酰转移酶（CPTs）。

 [Objectives]  To explore the role of the ACBP protein and the amine signaling molecules 5-HT in the secretion of 10-HDA from the mandibular glands of Apis mellifera. [Methods]  The treatment group of worker bees was fed acbp dsRNA to knockdown expression of the acbp gene, whereas the control group was fed sugar syrup. The morphology of the mandibular glands, transcriptome sequences, and the enrichment (KEGG and GO) of differentially expressed genes (P-adjust<0.05, DEGs) was compared between the treatment and control groups. The function of ACBP and 5-HT on the synthesis of 10-HDA in the mandibular gland was inferred based on the expression of the core gene in fatty acid and tryptophan metabolism according to transcriptome data, and the level of 10-HDA in the mandibular gland. [Results]  Knockdown of acbp led to a significant, 20% decrease in 10-HDA. 488 DEGs were identified from the transcriptome data, most of which participated in fatty acid degradation, the PARP signaling pathway and multiple amino acid metabolism. Interestingly, altered DEG amd and amdh from the tryptophan metabolic pathway may cause the accumulation of 5-HT. The feeding of exogenous 5-HT to nurse bees led to a significant, 30% decrease in 10-HDA in the mandibular gland. Exogenous 5-HT increased the mRNA expression level of the 5-HT1、5-HT2α、5-HT2β receptors in the mandibular gland, and significantly inhibited the expression of cpt2 and acbp3. [Conclusion]  ACBP influences the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids in the mandibular gland through fatty acid degradation and amino acid metabolism. Tryptamine signaling molecules, such as 5-HT, are also involved in this metabolic process. 5-HT inhibits the synthesis of 10-HDA in the mandibular gland, and influences intracellular Carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPTs).