冬虫夏草子座萌发阶段五种化合物的变化
Changes of five compounds in the germination stage of Chinese cordyceps
谢 放，周 刚，张蓉蓉，陈照禾，夏樱霞，苏强军
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2023.082
作者单位：兰州交通大学生物与制药工程学院，兰州 730070
中文关键词：冬虫夏草；冬虫夏草菌；化学物；菌丝形态
英文关键词： Chinese cordyceps; Ophiocordyceps sinensis; compounds; hyphal morphology
中文摘要：
【目的】 本研究以不同子座原基启动阶段的冬虫夏草为研究材料，探究冬虫夏草菌Ophiocordyceps sinensis 子座萌发过程中代表性化合物及菌丝形态的变化。【方法】 选取子座萌发前（僵虫，简称S1）、萌发初期（菌丝突破虫体头部，简称S2）和已经萌发（形成子座，子座˂1 cm，简称S3）三个阶段的冬虫夏草，采用比色法检测多酚、多糖、甘露醇和尿素4种物质含量，通过超高效液相色谱检测腺苷含量，并采用扫描电子显微镜观察三个阶段菌丝的形态差异。【结果】 冬虫夏草子座萌发前后3个阶段菌丝形态差异显著，表现为子座的萌发前菌丝开始融合，突破虫体头部后菌丝疏松细长，萌发后菌丝粗细均匀且表面微疣。在S1阶段，多酚（56.633±2.312）mg/g和尿素（13.580±1.112）mg/g含量最高，且显著高于S2和S3阶段（P<0.05），多糖含量为（22.045±1.341）mg/g，且显著低于S2和S3（P<0.05）阶段；在S2和S3阶段，多酚含量分别为（39.608±2.145）mg/g和（37.365±1.972）mg/g，且无显著差异（P>0.05）；尿素含量分别为（1.892±0.345）mg/g和（2.322±0.423）mg/g，无显著差异（P<0.05）；S2阶段甘露醇含量为（42.099±2.986）mg/g，且显著高于S1和S3阶段（P<0.05），与S3阶段相比，S1阶段多糖和甘露醇含量均较低，但二者之间差异不显著（P<0.05）；腺苷含量则随着冬虫夏草子座萌发而增加。【结论】 冬虫夏草子座萌发前后菌丝形态差异显著，且不同阶段多酚、尿素、多糖、甘露醇及腺苷的含量变化差异显著。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] In this study, Chinese cordyceps at different stages of stroma initiation were used as the research materials to explore the changes in content of representative compounds and morphology of hyphae during the germination of Ophiocordyceps sinensis. [Methods] Chinese cordyceps at three stages before germination (muscardine worm cadaver S1), early germination (mycelium breaking through the head of the worm S2) and after germination (forming stroma S3) were selected. The changes of the contents of polyphenols, polysaccharides, mannitol and urea were detected by ultraviolet chromatometry and adenosine by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography. The morphological differences of the hyphae in three stages were observed by scanning electron microscopy. [Results] The morphological differences of the hyphae in the three stages during germination of Chinese cordyceps were significant. It was manifested that the hyphae began to fuse before germination (S1). After breaking through the head of the worm (S2) the hyphae were loose and slender. The hyphae are uniform in thickness and have micro warts on the surface after germination (S3). The content of polyphenols[(56.633± 2.312) mg/g ]and urea[(13.580±1.112) mg/g] was the highest in the S1 stage, which was significantly higher than that in the S2 and S3 stages(P<0.05), but the polysaccharide content was ( 22.045±1.341) mg/g lower than that in the S2 and S3 stages significantly(P<0.05). There no significant difference in content of polyphenols(39.608±2.145) mg/g, (37.365±1.972) mg/g and urea (1.892±0.345) mg/g, (2.322±0.423) mg/g between the stage of S2 and S3(P<0.05). The mannitol content in the S2 stage (42.099±2.986) mg/g was significantly higher than in S1 (33.660±3.473) mg/g and S3 (36.113±1.453) mg/g stages (P<0.05). The content of polysaccharide and mannitol in S1 lower than that S3 stages but the difference was not significant (P<0.05). The content of adenosine increased with the germination of stroma in Chinese cordyceps. [Conclusion] The morphological changes of mycelium and the contents of representative compounds were significantly different before and after the germination of stroma in Chinese cordyceps.