武陵山区来凤县昆虫资源调查与多样性分析
Resource investigation and diversity analysis of insect in Laifeng county, Wuling mountain area
刘宇琛，肖能文，林银海，黄 峰，尚方格，张云慧，李雪梅，何帅洁，吴 刚
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2023.090
作者单位：华中农业大学植物科学技术学院，武汉 430070
中文关键词：来凤县；昆虫多样性；丰富度指数；均匀度指数；多样性保护
英文关键词：Laifeng county; insect diversity; richness index; evenness index; diversity protection
中文摘要：
【目的】 湖北武陵山区昆虫资源丰富，通过对武陵山区来凤县的昆虫多样性开展调查，明确武陵山区的昆虫多样性和种群分布，明确影响来凤县昆虫多样性的因子并提出昆虫多样性保护建议。【方法】 采用样线踏查法调查来凤县的昆虫种类和数量，计算暴发期和越冬期的昆虫多样性指数，以及当地采集到鳞翅目和鞘翅目的多样性指数。【结果】 从武陵山区来凤县共采集并鉴定出15个目101科397种昆虫，来凤县昆虫优势类群为鳞翅目、鞘翅目和半翅目，基本上包含观赏昆虫、天敌昆虫和害虫等。网格生境中，林地、林地与灌木丛混合地更适合昆虫的栖息，高海拔生境（为林地、灌木丛）昆虫多样性指数显著高于低海拔生境（主要为草地、草丛和菜园）。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H′）和Margalef丰富度指数（ds）最高的网格均为怯道河村（53903090）。【结论】 影响来凤县昆虫多样性的因子主要包括矿石开采（54003130，陈家沟）、车辆运输（53903110，野猫镇）和滥施化学农药（54003120，大坟山村）。建议来凤县加强环保部门、林业多部门的协调和合作，加强政府监管力度，保护当地植物和绿化，加强当地昆虫栖息地的恢复和多样性保护。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] Hubei Wuling Mountains are rich in insect resources. Through the investigation of insect diversity in Laifeng county, Wuling Mountains, the insect diversity and population distribution in Wuling Mountains were clarified. In order to understand the threat factors of insect diversity in Laifeng county and put forward insect diversity conservation recommendations. [Methods] This experiment adopts transect survey method. The species and quantity of insects in Laifeng county, the diversity index of insects in the outbreak period and overwintering period, and the diversity index of Lepidoptera and Coleoptera collected locally were investigated. The research results obtained through the survey show that. [Results] A total of 397 species of insects of 15 orders, 101 families and 397 species of insects were collected and identified from Laifeng county, Wuling Mountains. The dominant insect groups in Laifeng county were: Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Hemiptera basically include ornamental insects, natural enemy insects and pests. In the grid habitats, woodlands, woodlands and shrubs are more suitable for insect habitats. The grids with the highest Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H′) and Margalef richness index (ds) are all in Qidaohe village (53903090). [Conclusion] The threats to insect diversity in Laifeng county mainly include ore mining (54003130, Chenjiagou village), vehicle transportation (53903110, Yemao town) and indiscriminate application of chemical pesticides (54003120, Dafenshan village). It is suggested that Laifeng county should strengthen the coordination and cooperation of environmental protection departments and forestry departments, strengthen government supervision, protect local plants and greening, and strengthen the restoration of local insect habitats and protection of diversity.