土壤湿度和浸水对草地贪夜蛾羽化和繁殖的影响
Effect of soil moisture and flooding on the emergence and reproduction of Spodoptera frugiperda
徐婷婷，胡 飞，胡本进，毕思佳，王振营，徐丽娜
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2023.106
作者单位：安徽省农业科学院植物保护与农产品质量安全研究所，合肥 230031；中国农业科学院植物保护研究所植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室，北京 100193
中文关键词：草地贪夜蛾；土壤含水量；淹水；羽化率
英文关键词：Spodoptera frugiperda; soil moisture; flooding; emergence rate and reproduction
中文摘要：
【目的】 研究土壤不同含水量和浸水对草地贪夜蛾羽化和繁殖的影响，为其发生趋势预测提供依据。【方法】 室内分别设置土壤不同含水量和不同浸水时间处理，研究不同环境条件下草地贪夜蛾羽化和繁殖的情况。【结果】 土壤相对含水量为30%和40%时，草地贪夜蛾的羽化率最高，为100.00%，含水量为50%-90%时，羽化率均达到93.33%，显著高于0、10%和100%各处理的羽化率26.67%-73.33%（P<0.05）；但不同土壤相对含水量对羽化的草地贪夜蛾成虫平均产卵量不具有显著影响（P>0.05）。土壤浸水1-4 d，对入土前幼虫的羽化率无显著影响；但土壤浸水对蛹的影响较大，随着浸水时间的延长，蛹的羽化率显著降低，土壤浸水4 d后蛹不能羽化。直接淹水对老熟幼虫和蛹的羽化率均有一定影响，随着淹水时间的延长，羽化率均持续降低，老熟幼虫淹水10 h后不能羽化；蛹淹水10 h后羽化率与对照相比下降了69.70%。【结论】 田间积水对草地贪夜蛾的羽化具有显著影响，因此可以结合天气降雨情况对草地贪夜蛾的发生动态和种群数量变化进行预测，并据此调整土壤含水量以淹蛹灭虫。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] To investigate the effects of different soil moisture levels and duration of flooding on the emergence and reproduction of Spodoptera frugiperda, and thereby determine if these factors affect the occurrence of this pest. 【Methods】 S. frugiperda were randomly assigned to different soil moisture and duration of flooding treatment groups in a laboratory.【Results】 The highest eclosion rate (100.00%) was recorded at relative soil moisture levels of 30% and 40%. The eclosion rate reached 93.33% at a relative soil moisture of 50%-90%, which was significantly higher than that at soil moisture levels of 0, 10% and 100% (26.67%-73.33%). However, relative soil moisture had no significant effect on the average number of eggs laid. There was no significant difference in the emergence rate when soil had been soaked for 1-4 days before larvae entered it. However, soil flooding significantly affected the emergence rate of pupae, which decreased significantly with the duration of flooding; no adults were observed after soil had been flooded for 4 days. Direct flooding affected the emergence rate of both mature larvae and pupae. The emergence rate of larvae continued to decrease with the duration of flooding, and mature larvae did not emerge after 10h of flooding. The emergence rate of pupae was 69.70% less than that of the control group after 10h of flooding. 【Conclusion】 Excessive accumulated water significantly inhibits the emergence of S. frugiperda. This information can be combined with weather and rainfall data to predict the population dynamics of S. frugiperda, and used to adjust soil water levels to control adult emergence.