温度对蠋蝽成虫捕食草地贪夜蛾功能反应的影响
Effects of temperature on the predatory functional response of Arma custos adults to Spodoptera frugiperda
汪 洁，母银林，杨 灿，杨 琳，王玉川，陈俊竹，常志敏，龙见坤，胡朝兴，张长华，陈祥盛，喻会平
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2023.114
作者单位：贵州大学贵州山地农业病虫害省级重点实验室，贵阳 550025；贵州大学昆虫研究所，贵阳 550025；贵州大学贵州省昆虫资源开发利用特色重点实验室，贵阳 550025；贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司技术中心，毕节 551700
中文关键词：蠋蝽；草地贪夜蛾；温度；生物防治；功能反应
英文关键词：Arma custos; Spodoptera frugiperda; temperature; biological control; functional respone
中文摘要：
【目的】 为明确不同温度条件下蠋蝽Arma custos成虫对草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda 4龄和5龄幼虫的生物防控潜能。【方法】 在实验室条件下，设置温度为18、22、26和30 ℃处理，测定蠋蝽雌成虫和雄成虫对草地贪夜蛾4龄和5龄幼虫的捕食功能反应。其中草地贪夜蛾4龄幼虫的密度设为5、10、15、20、25和30头/盒；5龄幼虫密度设为5、8、10、15、20和25头/盒。【结果】 不同温度条件下，蠋蝽成虫对草地贪夜蛾4龄和5龄幼虫的捕食功能反应均符合Holling Ⅱ型方程。随着温度的升高，蠋蝽雌成虫和雄成虫对草地贪夜蛾4龄和5龄幼虫的捕食量增加，且不同温度间捕食量差异显著（F3，16=8.69，P<0.05）。同一温度下，随着猎物密度的增加捕食量明显上升（F5，24=5.53，P<0.05），蠋蝽雌成虫对草地贪夜蛾4龄幼虫的瞬时攻击率在30 ℃下达到最大值，为0.812，雄成虫在26 ℃下达到最大值，为0.721；蠋蝽雌成虫对草地贪夜蛾5龄幼虫的瞬时攻击率在26 ℃下最大，为0.937，雄成虫在30 ℃下达到最大值，为1.233。在26 ℃下，雌成虫和雄成虫对4龄和5龄幼虫的最大捕食量均达到最大值，且该温度下雌成虫和雄成虫对4龄和5龄幼虫处理时间均最短。【结论】 较高温度下蠋蝽成虫对草地贪夜蛾4龄和5龄幼虫有较强的捕食能力，而低温会抑制其捕食能力。
英文摘要：
[Objectives] To clarify the effect of temperature on the ability of adult Arma custos to act as a biological control for 4th and 5th instar Spodoptera frugiperda larvae. [Methods] The predatory functional responses of adult male and female A. custos to 4th and 5th instar S. frugiperda larvae were determined at 4 temperatures (18, 22, 26 and 30 ℃) in a laboratory. The density of 4th instar larvae was 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 larvae/box, and that of 5th instar larvae was 5, 8, 10, 15, 20, 25 larvae/box. [Results] The predatory functional responses of adult A. custos conformed to the Holling Ⅱ equation at each temperature. Temperature had a significant (F3, 16=8.69, P<0.05) effect on predation, which increased at higher temperatures. Predation was also significantly (F5, 24=5.53, P<0.05) higher at higher prey densities. The maximum rate of instantaneous attack of adult female A. custos on 4th instar larvae (0.812) was reached at 30 ℃, whereas that of adult males (0.721) was reached at 26. The maximum instantaneous attack rate of adult female A. custos on 5th instar larvae (0.937) was reached at 26 ℃, whereas that of adult males (1.233) was reached at 30 ℃. Maximum predation of female and male adults on 4th and 5th instar larvae (23.256, 21.834, 10.081 and 11.236, respectively) was reached at 26 ℃. The time required by adult males and females to process 4th and 5th instar larvae (0.043, 0.046, 0.099 and 0.089 d, respectively) was shortest at this temperature. [Conclusion] The predatory capacity of adult A. custos with respect to 4th and 5th instar S. frugiperda larvae was highest at 26 and 30 ℃.