摘  要  嗅觉是昆虫感知外界环境的重要途径，气味受体是检测和识别气味分子的关键嗅觉蛋白。膜翅目昆虫的社会性、寄生性、捕食性等多种的生活习性，反映出气味受体的多样性。综合已有的研究结果发现：膜翅目昆虫气味受体基因数量在不同种类间差异显著，总体上完全社会性昆虫较多，但也有少量独居昆虫更高，目前从进化角度对此现象尚无确切解释。同其他目昆虫一样，膜翅目昆虫气味受体基因大部分在成虫触角中高表达，此外，社会性昆虫不同品级或亚品级间存在一定差异，寄生性昆虫气味受体基因表达情况一定程度上受寄主昆虫及植物影响。对其功能的研究发现多个对植物挥发物、社会性行为有关化合物、寄主昆虫相关信息化学物质等气味分子反应的气味受体。对膜翅目昆虫气味受体的研究从多方面丰富了对昆虫气味受体的理解，然而，考虑到膜翅目庞大的物种数量和气味受体数量，以及昆虫嗅觉的复杂性，仍需大量研究进一步探索

Abstract  Olfaction is an important means by which insects perceive external environmental cues, and odorant receptors are key proteins for detecting and recognizing odor molecules. The Hymenoptera is comprised of social, parasitic and predatory species, and have a correspondingly diverse range of odorant receptors. The number of hymenopteran odorant receptor genes differs significantly among species. Generally, eusocial insects have more odorant receptor genes, but a few solitary species also have relatively high numbers of these genes. There is currently no universally accepted explanation for this. As in other insect orders, most hymenopteran odorant receptor genes are highly expressed in adult antennae. In addition, the expression of odorant receptor genes differs among different grades and subgrades of social insects, and is affected by host insects and plants in parasitic insects. Some receptors respond to plant volatiles, others to compounds involved in social behavior or host insect chemicals. Research on the Hymenoptera has increased understanding of insect odorant receptors. However, the large number of hymenopteran species and odorant receptors, as well as the complexity of insect olfaction, means that further research is needed to fully understand the role of these genes.