多异瓢虫对蚜虫报警信息素和性信息素 组分的电生理反应及趋向选择
Electrophysiological and chemotactic responses of Hippodamia variegata to aphid pheromones
刘晓旭，谢佼昕，单 双，刘廷辉，张永军
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2023.052
作者单位：河北农业大学植物保护学院
中文关键词：多异瓢虫；反式-β-法尼烯；假荆芥内酯；触角电位反应；Y-型嗅觉仪
英文关键词：Hippodamia variegata; E-β-farnesene; Z,E-Nepetalactone; EAG; Y-tube olfactometer
中文摘要：
摘 要 【目的】 多异瓢虫Hippodamia variegata是新疆棉田常见的捕食性天敌，成虫和幼虫均可取食多种作物上的蚜虫，为深入解析多异瓢虫对蚜虫的嗅觉识别机制，本研究分析了多异瓢虫成虫及幼虫对蚜虫主要报警信息素和性信息素组分的电生理和趋向选择行为，研究结果将为设计新型多异瓢虫行为调控剂等害虫生物防控策略提供数据支撑。【方法】 利用触角电位技术（Electroantennography，以下简称EAG），测试了多异瓢虫3-5日龄成虫和2-3龄幼虫触角对于蚜虫报警信息素反式-β-法尼烯（E-β-farnesene, EBF）和性信息素假荆芥内酯（Z,E-Nepetalactone）的触角电位反应；通过Y-型嗅觉仪分析了多异瓢虫3-5日龄成虫和2-3龄幼虫对2种信息素的趋向选择行为。【结果】 EAG结果表明，2种信息素组分均可使多异瓢虫雌、雄成虫及幼虫产生触角电位反应，且随着化合物浓度的递增，触角电位值显著增加；趋向选择行为试验发现，多异瓢虫幼虫可被高浓度的EBF（100 μg/μL）显著吸引，雄成虫可被低浓度的EBF（10 μg/μL）显著吸引，以上2种浓度的EBF对雌成虫均具有引诱作用。此外，高浓度的假荆芥内酯（100 μg/μL）对雌、雄成虫具有显著的引诱作用，而低浓度的假荆芥内酯（10 μg/μL）可触发幼虫的趋向选择行为。【结论】 本研究发现蚜虫报警信息素EBF和性信息素假荆芥内酯对多异瓢虫成虫和幼虫均具有电生理和行为活性，推测多异瓢虫可通过识别利用蚜虫种内信息素组分定位蚜虫种群，研究结果为开发天敌昆虫行为调控剂等新型害虫绿色防控策略提供了理论依据。
英文摘要：
Abstract [Objectives] To analyze the olfactory mechanism by which Hippodamia variegata, a common, predatory, natural enemy of aphids in the cotton fields of Xinjiang, China, identifies prey. [Methods] Electroantennography (EAG) was used to test the electrophysiological response of 3–5-day old H. variegata adults and 2-3 instar larvae to the aphid alarm E-β-Farnesene (EBF) pheromone and the aphid sex pheromone Z, E-Nepetalactone. The chemotactic response of adults and larvae to EBF and Z, E-Nepetalactone was analyzed in a Y-tube olfactometer. [Results] EAG results showed that both EBF and Z, E-Nepetalactone could trigger a concentration dependent EAG response in male and female adults and larvae. The results of the Y-tube olfactometer experiments showed that adult males were significantly attracted by a high concentration of EBF (100 μg/μL), and that larvae were significantly attracted by a low concentration of EBF (10 μg/μL). Both concentrations attracted adult females. Moreover, both male and female adults were significantly attracted by a high concentration of Z, E-Nepetalactone (100 μg/μL), whereas a low concentration (10 μg/μL) was only attractive to larvae. [Conclusion] The aphid alarm pheromone EBF, and the sex pheromone Z, E-Nepetalactone elicited EAG and chemotactic responses in H. variegata adults and larvae. It is likely that H. variegata uses these pheromones to locate aphid prey. Our research provides a theoretical basis for the development of integrated pest management strategies, such as attractants for aphid predators.