黑胡椒和花椒中酰胺类物质对四种鳞翅目幼虫的拒食活性
Identification of chemical deterrents to insect feeding in Piper nigrum and Zanthoxylum bungeanum and the sensitivity of four caterpillar species to active compounds from these plants
余明辉 杨 景 邢怀森 原国辉 李为争
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DOI：
作者单位：河南农业大学植物保护学院
中文关键词：棉铃虫；甜菜夜蛾；粘虫；二点委夜蛾；胡椒碱；山椒醇；拒食
英文关键词：Helicoverpa armigera; Spodoptera exigua; Mythimna separate; Athetis lepigone; piperine; sanshool; feeding deterrent
中文摘要：
摘 要 【目的】 胡椒属植物具有拒绝多食性棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera取食的共性特征。多食性昆虫味觉系统的可塑性比狭食性种类的更强，本研究以前者为靶标筛选拒食剂，有望兼治同域并发的其他狭食性害虫种类。【方法】 采用生物测定追踪的柱层析分离和气相色谱-质谱联用技术，鉴定了黑胡椒和花椒活性柱层析馏分中的主要物质，并测试了来源于黑胡椒和花椒的2种酰胺类生物碱对夏玉米上生态位不同的4种鳞翅目幼虫（棉铃虫、甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua、粘虫Mythimna separata及二点委夜蛾Athetis lepigone）的拒食活性。【结果】 黑胡椒活性柱层析馏分中的酰胺类生物碱主要是胡椒碱（6.22%）；花椒活性柱层析馏分中的酰胺类生物碱主要是山椒醇的各种异构体，共占8.32%。胡椒碱对4种鳞翅目幼虫的拒食活性普遍比山椒醇更强（胡椒碱对棉铃虫：t27=4.92，P˂0.000 1；胡椒碱对甜菜夜蛾t19=6.11，P˂0.000 1；胡椒碱对粘虫：t15=9.15，P˂0.000 1；胡椒碱对二点委夜蛾：t14=6.06，P˂0.000 1）。就种间比较来看，粘虫和二点委夜蛾对胡椒碱反应最敏感，棉铃虫反应最不敏感，山椒醇仅对甜菜夜蛾幼虫有拒食活性。【结论】 胡椒碱有望成为夏玉米田鳞翅目害虫幼虫广谱性拒食剂研发的基本母核结构，结合研究结果讨论了胡椒属植物酰胺类生物碱的生态学意义和作用机制。
英文摘要：
Abstract [Objectives] To identify components of volatile compounds of Piper nigrum and Zanthoxylum bungeanum, and determine the sensitivity of four caterpillar species to these compounds. [Methods] Components of the active fractions of ethanol extracts from Piper nigrum and Zanthoxylum bungeanum were identified using bioassay-guided column chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technologies. The deterrent effects of the major amide alkaloids derived from these two plants were tested on the larvae of four lepidopteran pest species; H. armigera, Spodoptera exigua, Mythimna separata, and Athetis lepigone, which have different ecological niches on summer corn crops. [Results] The major amide alkaloid in pooled active fractions of P. nigrum was piperine (6.22%), whereas that in pooled active fractions of Z. bungeanum was various isomers of sanshool (8.32%). Generally, piperine was a stronger deterrent to feeding by pest larvae than sanshool (H. armigera：t27=4.92, P<0.000 1; S. exigua: t19=6.11, P<0.000 1; M. separata: t15=9.15, P<0.000 1; A. lepigone: t14=6.06, P<0.000 1). M. separata and A. lepigone larvae were the most sensitive to piperine, whereas those of H. armigera were least sensitive to this compound. In contrast, sanshool only significantly deterred feeding by S. exigua larvae. [Conclusion] Piperine may be a suitable base compound for developing generic compounds to deter feeding by the larvae of Lepidopteran insect pests in summer corn fields. The ecological relevance and possible mode of action of amide alkaloids derived from the Piper genus is discussed in conjunction with our results.