摘  要  蚊媒传播的疾病在世界范围内造成巨大的经济损失和健康负担。传统化学杀虫剂的不规范和过度使用导致抗药性在蚊虫种群的扩散，加剧了蚊媒传播疾病的发生，因此，研发经济安全的新型蚊媒防控方法至关重要。Wolbachia是一种专性感染节肢动物的细胞内共生菌，可以操纵蚊虫的生殖能力并具有病原体阻断作用。释放Wolbachia感染的蚊虫品系来抑制或修饰蚊虫种群的防控策略具有巨大的发展潜力。本文主要介绍了Wolbachia诱导的胞质不相容作用和Wolbachia介导的病原体阻断作用，并阐述了以这两种技术为基础的蚊虫防控策略的研究进展，包括种群抑制和种群修饰策略。

Abstract  Mosquito-borne diseases are responsible for significant economic losses and health burdens worldwide. The misuse of traditional chemical pesticide strategies for mosquito control has resulted in pesticide resistance, exacerbating the prevalence of mosquito-borne diseases. Thus, the development of novel safe and effective mosquito control strategies is essential for controlling mosquito-borne diseases. Wolbachia is an obligatory arthropod-infecting endosymbiont that can manipulate mosquito reproduction and block virus transmission. Releasing Wolbachia-infected mosquito lines to suppress or modify the mosquito population is a promising mosquito control method. In this review, we discussed the effects of Wolbachia-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility and virus blocking and reviewed two mosquito control strategies based on these effects.