摘  要  【目的】 番茄潜叶蛾Tuta absoluta（Meyrick）是番茄作物上的重大害虫，自入侵我国以来，已经造成了严重的经济损失，因此为了追踪我国番茄潜叶蛾的遗传分化进程，分析其与世界其它地理种群的遗传关系，本研究对番茄潜叶蛾种群的遗传结构进行了分析。【方法】 研究采用线粒体COⅠ基因作为分子标记，分别对COⅠ基因同源性、遗传变异、遗传多样性、生物分子变异组成进行了分析，最后构建了世界范围内的系统发育树。【结果】 结果显示，我国甘肃和宁夏地区的地理种群已经发生了可遗传变异，其中甘肃出现了两种突变单倍型（China：GSLZ；China：GSLZ），宁夏为一种突变单倍型（China：NXWZ）；全球番茄潜叶蛾地理种群共检测到28个多态位点，存在18种单倍型，以塞内加尔地理种群单倍型最丰富，达10种，其次为肯尼亚；我国地理种群存在2个转换突变的简约信息位点，共3种单倍型，推测我国番茄潜叶蛾已经形成了一定的群体结构，但仍然处于入侵“瓶颈期”；总体而言，非洲番茄潜叶蛾遗传多样性最高，其次分别为南美洲和亚洲；分子生物学方差分析显示，引起种群变异的主要因素存在于种群内部，变异率占97.99%。系统发育分析表明，全球番茄潜叶蛾总体可以分为4个类群，以肯尼亚地理种群的变异种遗传距离较远，但我国甘肃兰州和宁夏两个地理种群突变种与肯尼亚KU565664.1突变种为同一单倍型，其它地理种群变异种均聚类在相同遗传发育节点之下。【结论】 世界范围内番茄潜叶蛾单倍型多样性与核苷酸多样性等遗传多样性指标均较低，种群遗传具有高度同质性，但非洲番茄潜叶蛾的遗传多样性较高。在我国，番茄潜叶蛾种群在线粒体DNA分子水平上已经发生了明显分化，主要为C/T（China：GSLZ）和A/G（China：GSZY）转换突变。

Abstract  [Aim]  The tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), is a major pest of tomato crops, causing significant economic  losses since invading China. The genetic structure of the tomato leaf miner population in China was analyzed to trace its genetic differentiation process and analyze its genetic relationship with other geographic populations around the world. [Methods]  The study used the mitochondrial COⅠ gene as a molecular marker, and analyzed the COⅠ gene similarity, genetic variation, genetic diversity, and biomolecular variation composition. We then constructed a global phylogenetic tree. [Results]  Our results demonstrate that mutant individuals have developed in the Gansu and Ningxia regions of China. Two mutant haplotypes were found in Gansu, and one mutant haplotype was found in Ningxia. A total of 28 polymorphic loci and 18 haplotypes were identified in the geographic populations of tomato leaf miners globally. Senegal had the most haplotypes with 10, followed by Kenya. In China, two parsimony-informative loci for the conversion mutation were present with a total of three haplotypes. Additionally, a Tajima's test indicated a post-invasion population expansion of the tomato leaf miner had occurred. Overall, the genetic diversity of the tomato leaf miner was relatively high in Africa, followed by South America and Asia. ANOVA analysis revealed that within population factors explained 97.99% of the population variation. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Kenyan variant KP324753.1 was an independent taxon. The tomato leaf miner populations China: GSLZ in Lanzhou, Gansu, and China: NX in Ningxia, were the same taxon as the Kenyan variant KU565664.1. Furthermore, the genetic distance was similar to that of the China: GSZY Zhangye variant in Gansu Province, even though it was identified as a different taxon. [Conclusion]  Globally, the tomato leaf miner moth exhibited low genetic diversity indices, and highly homogenous population genetics. The population of tomato leaf miners in China have undergone molecular differentiation, and the population may be currently expanding following the invasion bottleneck.