中华红林蚁形态描述、行为观察及社群结构
Morphological description, behavior observation and colony structure of Formica sinensis
罗 辑1, 谢成晨2, 张 亚3 ,郭冬生1,徐汝梅1
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作者单位：1 北京师范大学生命科学学院 北京 100875; 2 北京市第八中学 北京 100032; 3 北京市西城区青少年科技馆 北京 100045
中文关键词：中华红林蚁，社群结构，形态学
英文关键词：Formica sinensis, colony structure, morphology
中文摘要：
调查显示，北京百花山上“蚂蚁山”的蚂蚁为我国林区特有的种类——中华红林蚁Formic
a sinensis。该蚂蚁分布海拔相对较高，通常在针叶林或针阔叶混交林中筑巢，进行社会
性生活。成虫有4个品级：大型工蚁、小型工蚁、蚁后和雄蚁。每个成熟蚁巢中有2～4个蚁后, 为多蚁后
社群结构。夏季蚁巢中同时存在着卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫。目前还只发现工蚁和蚁后休眠越冬。
对中华红林蚁的各个虫态和品级进行形态描述和测定，并记述工蚁的觅食、建巢及
清巢、防御与进攻等行为习性。首次发现雄蚁具有明显的护巢行为。同时，还发现在工蚁的
外出活动中，标记信息素的作用不是很明显。
英文摘要：Formica sinensis Wheeler is an endemic social ant distributing in high
altitude coniferous forest or coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest in Chin
a. There are four castes in adults including major workers, minor workers, queens
and males. It was observed that eggs, larvae, pupae and each caste of adults we
re coincidence in a mature colony in summer, with two to four queens in each nes
t. Therefore, it has a polygynous colony structure. So far, it is found that onl
y workers and queens overwinter. In this paper, morphology characters of each st
age and each caste of this species were described, provided with their morpholog
ical parameters. It also recorded the behaviors of foraging, nesting, nest clean
ing, defending and attacking of the workers. Moreover, it was firstly reported t
hat males have an obvious behavior of protecting queens and larvae. In addition,
it is found that the pheromone trail was not so important in activity of the wo
rkers.