云南大白蚁亚科白蚁分飞情况及与蚁巢伞关系
The swarming activity and the relationships between the termites in the Subfamily of Macrotermitinae and the ungiTermitomyces) in Yunnan.
何银竹1,2*，刘 蓓3，梁醒财1**
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DOI：
作者单位：1中国科学院昆明动物研究所昆虫组 昆明 650223； 2中国科学院研究生院 北京 100049；]3 昆明食用菌研究所 昆明 650223）〖
中文关键词：大白蚁亚科， 生物学， 分飞， 蚁巢伞， 云南
英文关键词：Macrotermitinae, biology, swarming, Termitomyces, Yunnan
中文摘要：
在云南绿春观察大白蚁亚科4种土白蚁的分飞活动，研究大白蚁亚科白蚁和蚁巢
伞之间的关系，得知：大白蚁亚科不同种类白蚁分飞孔形状不相同，分飞时分布于孔口周围
的白蚁型、数目和扩散范围存在差异，这些蚁巢的外露特征可以作为白蚁种类识别的辅助依
据。采集32巢白蚁以及其巢上生长的蚁巢伞，结果显示，大白蚁亚科每一个白蚁巢仅生长一
种蚁巢伞 Termitomyces子实体。与小果蚁巢伞共生的白蚁也与其他蚁巢伞共生，推测
真菌能改变白蚁的行为。对白蚁种类和蚁巢伞种类对应关系的研究表明在小地域内，白蚁和蚁巢伞不仅存在属间
高度专一性，而且种间也显示较高的共生专一性。
英文摘要： The biology of four species of the subfamily Macrotermitinae in Luchun of Yunnan was studied. The results showed that some differences exist in the shape of exit holes, types, numbers and spreading distance of termites around the exit holes, which can be used for species identification. Our results also demonstrated that only one fungal species (Termitomyces) could be cultivated within a single termite colony. Termites that cultivate T. microcarpus also had symbiotic relationships with other fungi of the same genus. It is therefore speculated that termite behaviors could be changed when different fungi are cultivated. In addition, the investigation of interaction between termites and fungi indicated that, in a small area, high interactive specificity existed not only at the genus level, but also at the species level.