沙漠石蜂的筑巢材料和蜂巢结构
The nest materials and structure of Megachile (Chalicodoma) desertorum
落巨福,刘强
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DOI：
作者单位：天津师范大学化学与生命科学学院天津300387
中文关键词：沙漠石蜂， 筑巢场所， 筑巢材料， 蜂巢结构， 西鄂尔多斯
英文关键词：
中文摘要：
沙漠石蜂Megachile (Chalicodoma) desertorum Morawitz为多种植物的传粉昆虫，在西鄂尔多斯地区是多种濒危植物和荒漠建群植物的重要传粉者。在该地区研究沙漠石蜂的筑巢场所、筑巢材料和蜂巢结构。共调查统计5 148个蜂巢的筑巢场所和朝向；选择4个土壤表层成分不同的筑巢地，分别测定其筑巢沙土的机械组成、pH值和土壤紧实度；定点连续观察整个筑巢过程。结果表明：沙漠石蜂9580%的巢建于岩石表面；土墙、灌木枝条、水泥柱及钢窗框上的巢室数均较少。 831%的巢室建在东向一面；南向142%，西向24%，北向仅03%；筑巢材料为沙土和唾液制成的泥浆，所用沙土的pH值在818～934之间、紧实度在128～184 g/cm3之间，其中粒径为006～015 mm的沙土比例最高；1个蜂巢一般由4～10个巢室组成。说明该蜂喜欢将巢室建在朝向东方的岩石表面；筑巢材料主要由唾液和以碱性的粒径为006～015 mm左右的沙土构成。也说明是对干旱炎热的荒漠环境的适应。
英文摘要： Megachile (chalicodoma) desertorum Morawitz is an important pollinator of many endangered species and constructive desert plants in West Erdos Region. The site, materials and structure of 5 148 nests were investigated in this region. The nest materials, pH values, and soil compactions were measured respectively in 4 kinds of nest sites different in surface soil composition, and the process of nesting was observed continuously in fixed points. The results showed that 9580% of nests were built in rock surfaces, while less were built in manmade soil walls, shrub branches, cement column surfaces and steel window frames. The percentage of eastward nests was 831%, southward nests 142%, westward nests 24%, and northward nests 03%. The material was the slurry of sand and saliva. The pH values of nest materials were from 818 to 934, soil compactions about 128~184g/cm3, diameters of most soil particles from 006 mm to 015 mm, and nests were generally composed of 4~10 cells. It indicated that M. desertorum preferred to build nests in eastward rock surfaces with materials of saliva mixing alkaline sand particles from 006 mm to 015 mm in diameter, which also suggested its adaptability to arid and torrid desert habitats.