植物-害虫-天敌之间的三级营养互作关系是当今进化生态学和化学生态学研究领域的前沿课题，也是寻找害虫可持续控制途径的重要基础。自2006年以来，我国昆虫学家在973项目《重大农业害虫猖獗危害的机制及可持续控制》的支持下,围绕害虫、植物、天敌协同进化机理的关键科学问题，以棉花-害虫-天敌、水稻-害虫-天敌和蔬菜－害虫-天敌系统为研究对象开展研究，发现O_sHI-LOX参与虫害诱导的水稻茉莉酸（JA）信号途径合成，并通过水稻对二化螟和褐飞虱不同抗性作用的调控；寄主植物烟草受到棉铃虫和烟青虫危害后将被诱导产生化学防御作用，但它们的作用不同；绿叶挥发物(3Z)-hexen-ol是寄生蜂天敌定位寄主的最关键化合物，植物－害虫－天敌之间的互作关系受到光周期和CO₂浓度升高而改变；植物对害虫直接的防御和通过寄生蜂对害虫的间接防御存在“权衡”关系；转基因棉花种植加重了盲椿象灾变。这些研究成果在Science,New Phytology,Plant Journal，Plant,Cell and Environment等刊物上发表论文150余篇，极大地提高了我国在作物-害虫-天敌三者之间关系的研究水平。

       During 2006-2010, with support from a grant from the “National Basic Research Program of China” (973 Program) (No. 2006CB102000), Chinese entomologists have conducted a lot of researches on the interactions among plants, pest insects and natural enemies. Many outstanding findings have been published in important journals, such as Science, New Phytology and Plant Journal. In this paper, we review major new findings in Chinese entomology over the past 5 years. For example, silencing the OsHI-LOX gene makes rice more susceptible to chewing herbivores but enhances resistance to a phloem-feeder; larval feeding by two sibling species of induced different defensive responses in tobacco; plants release the common chemical (3Z)-hexen-ol to attract parasitic wasps to defend them from insect pests; functional synchronization of biological rhythms exhibits a tritrophic system; ecological trade-offs between jasmonic acid-dependent direct and indirect plant defenses exist in tritrophic interactions; elevated CO₂ changes interactions between nematodes and tomato genotypes with different JA pathways; and mirid bug outbreaks in multiple crops were correlated with the wide-scale adoption of Bt cotton in China. These results have greatly improved understanding of the mechanisms of interaction between plants, pest insects and their natural enemies.