粉虱类害虫的监测预警与可持续治理技术透视
Research progress of the monitoring, forecast and sustainable management of whitefly pests in China
任顺祥1** 邱宝利1 戈 峰2 张友军3 杜予州4 陈学新5 郭建英6
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作者单位：1.华南农业大学资源环境学院 生物防治教育部工程研究中心 广州 510640；2.中国科学院动物研究所 北京 100101；3.中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 北京 100081；4.扬州大学园艺与植物保护学院 扬州 225009；5.浙江大学昆虫科学研究所 杭州 310029；6.中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 北京 100094；
中文关键词：粉虱，监测预警，抗药性监测，天敌生防物，可持续控制，示范推广
英文关键词：whitefly pests, monitoring, forecast, chemical resistance detection, biological control regents, sustainable management, demonstration
中文摘要： 针对烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci（Gennadius）、温室白粉虱Trialeurodes vaporariorum（Westwood）、黑刺粉虱Aleurocanthus spiniferus（Quaintance）、桑粉虱Pealius mori（Takahashi）、禾粉虱Aleurocybotus indicus David et Subramaniam等粉虱害虫在我国暴发危害的现状，公益性行业科研专项“粉虱类害虫可持续治理技术研究与集成示范”项目组在华南、华东、华北、华中和西南等地区开展了粉虱类害虫的调查、监测、预警以及综合防控技术研究集成与示范。结果表明，烟粉虱在我国的发生区域超过20个省份，温室白粉虱在华北和西南地区，黑刺粉虱在华南、华东和西南地区也分布较广，桑粉虱在我国南方桑植区危害严重，禾粉虱在福建省闽东稻区发生为害逐年严重。利用mt COI DNA测序、SCAR技术和CAPS等技术对B和Q型烟粉虱的鉴定结果显示，Q型烟粉虱在我国的分布范围正在不断扩大。通过Maxent预测模型和GIS技术，预测了烟粉虱在我国的适生区、自然越冬北线和不同地区的发生世代数量。对烟粉虱的抗药性监测结果表明，阿维菌素和烯啶虫胺是目前华北地区防治烟粉虱较为理想的药剂，而对联苯菊酯、噻虫嗪、啶虫脒和吡虫啉等药剂均产生了不同程度的抗药性。研究了苘麻诱集、黄板诱杀、天敌昆虫和病原微生物对粉虱类害虫的控制作用，并在华南、华东、华北、华中和西南等地区建立了12个示范基地，分别在不同地区开展了粉虱类害虫的综合防治技术的示范和推广，累计印刷技术宣传手册12.4万份，培训各类农民和基层农技人员5.43万人次，累计示范面积４.３千公顷次，技术辐射超过4万公顷次，取得了显著的经济、社会和生态效益。
英文摘要： Investigation, monitoring, forecast and integrated management of several whitefly pests, including Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius), Trialeurodes vaporariorum(Westwood), Aleurocanthus spiniferus(Quaintance) and Pealius mori(Takahashi) and Aleurocybotus indicus(David et subramaniam), weres carried out in south, southeast, north, southwest and central China. The results indicate that Bemisia tabaci has been recorded in more than 20 provinces and the other species are distributed as follows; Trialeurodes vaporariorum in north and southwest China, Aleurocanthus spiniferus in south, southeast, and southwest China, Pealius mori in south China and Aleurocybotus indicus in eastern Fujian Province. The identification of the Q and B biotypes of B. tabaci using mt COI DNA sequencing, SCAR and CAPS methods revealed that the Q biotype is increasing its range and has displaced the B biotype in several regions. Suitable habitat, northern overwintering boundary and the number of generations in different regions were forecast using the Maxent model and GIS technology. The results of chemical resistance detection indicate that abamectin and nitenpyram are the best pesticides for the control of B. tabaci, which is more resistant to bifenthrin, thiamethoxam, acetamiprid and imidacloprid. The relative effectiveness of controlling whiteflies using abutilon plants and yellow sticky traps, insect natural enemies and spraying entomopathogenic fungal pesticides, was investigated and methods and strategies of integrated management proposed. Twelve bases were established for the technological demonstration of integrated whitefly management in South, North, Central, Southeast and Southwest China. During these demonstrations, more than 124 thousand technical handbooks were delivered and 54.3 thousand farmers trained on 4 300 hm2 of farms and orchards. This program had obvious economic, ecological and social benefits.