不同寄主植物对B型烟粉虱发育适合度的影响
Development fitness of Bemisia tabaci B-biotypefeeding on different host plants
郭建英** 杨 洋 丛 林 陈 婷 万方浩
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作者单位：中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室 北京 100193
中文关键词：B型烟粉虱，寄主植物，生存曲线，发育进度，性比
英文关键词：Bemisia tabaci B-biotype,host plant,survival,development,sex ratio
中文摘要： 为探明寄主植物对B型烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius)种群发育适合度的影响，采用室内实验比较了B型烟粉虱在番茄、棉花、菜豆和辣椒上的生存曲线、发育进度和成虫性比等生物学指标。结果表明，B型烟粉虱种群在不同寄主植物上的生存曲线差异显著，由卵发育至成虫的存活率由高到低依次为：番茄=棉花>菜豆>辣椒。B型烟粉虱在辣椒、棉花、菜豆和番茄上50%成虫羽化期依次为25.5、23.0、22.8和22.5 d，在辣椒上的发育进度显著慢于其他植物。在不同寄主植物上B型烟粉虱的雌成虫比例差异显著，由高到低依次为：辣椒（63.0%）>棉花（58.3%）>菜豆（52.0%）>番茄（49.7%）。在番茄上B型烟粉虱第二代的生存率显著高于第一代，发育速率较第一代加快，雌成虫比例（63.3%）也显著高于第一代（49.7%）。在棉花上，第一代和第二代间的生存曲线、发育进度和雌成虫比例则差异不显著。可见，不同寄主植物对B型烟粉虱的发育适合度不同，在番茄上的发育适合度则以第二代较第一代显著提高。此外，B型烟粉虱在不适寄主植物辣椒上的存活率较低，但后代雌成虫比例增加，推测B型烟粉虱可通过调整后代性比增加其在不适寄主植物上的种群。
英文摘要： To reveal the impacts of host plants on the development and fitness of Bemisia tabaci B-biotype,survivorship curves,development rates and the adult sex ratio of B.tabaci populations on tomato,cotton,bean and pepper crops were compared under laboratory conditions.The results show that the survival rate of B.tabaci from egg to adult differed significantly on different host plants.Survival rates on different host plants could be ranked from highest to lowest as follows;tomato=cotton>bean>pepper.The developmental period from eggs to 50% adult eclosion was 25.5 d,23.0 d,22.8 d and 22.5 d on pepper,cotton,bean and tomato crops respectively.The proportion of adult females differed significantly among host plants;pepper (63.0%)>cotton (58.3%)>bean (52.0%)>tomato (49.7%).Compared with the first generation on tomato crops,the survival rate of the second generation was significantly higher,the developmental rate was accelerated,and the proportion of adult females was also significantly higher.In contrast,the survival,development and proportion of adult females of B.tabaci raised on cotton did not differ between the first two generations.This indicates that the development and fitness of B.tabaci B－biotype differs on different host plants.The observation that survival of B.tabaci on pepper was lowest but the proportion of adult females was the highest indicates that this insect can adjust its offspring sex ratio.