沙蒿尖翅吉丁生物学特性的研究
Biological characteristics of Sphenoptera sp.on Artemisia ordosoca
王建伟1 李月华2 韩卫东3 骆有庆1 宗世祥1**
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作者单位：1.北京林业大学省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室 北京 100083；2.宁夏盐池环境保护和林业局林木检疫站 盐池 751500；3.宁夏哈巴湖国家级自然保护区管理局 盐池 751500
中文关键词：沙蒿尖翅吉丁，形态和生物学特征，天敌
英文关键词： Sphenoptera sp.，morphological and biological characteristics，natural enemy
中文摘要： 沙蒿尖翅吉丁Sphenoptera sp.是黑沙蒿上主要的钻蛀性害虫，引起沙蒿长势下降甚至死亡。对其形态特征及生物学特征的观察和研究结果表明：该虫在宁夏1年发生1代，以各龄幼虫在被害沙蒿根部越冬。老熟幼虫于4月中下旬开始化蛹，成虫始见于5月上旬，羽化期有两个高峰，分别是5、6月下旬。成虫羽化后并不马上离开蛹室，2~3 d后咬出羽化孔，钻出蛹室。成虫需取食沙蒿叶片补充营养，2~7 d后开始交尾，集中在13:00—16:30，雌雄成虫均可多次交尾。幼虫常多头聚集危害同一株沙蒿。大多数老熟幼虫在距坑道端部5 mm处的根部化蛹，少数在直径为5~8 mm的较粗的枝条内化蛹。沙蒿尖翅吉丁幼虫期有2种寄生性天敌，蛹期和成虫期各有1种寄生性天敌。
英文摘要：The artemisia buprestid,Sphenoptera sp.has become a major pest in Inner Mongolia and Ningxia in recent years,mainly damaging the stems and roots of wormwood (Artemisia ordosoca and A.sphaerocephala) during its larval stage.A preliminary study of the morphological and biological characteristics of this pest was conducted in order to control it more effectively.The results indicated that Sphenoptera sp.has one generation per year in Ningxia,and that all larval instars overwinter.Mature larvae begin to pupate in mid and late April at the end of the gallery.Adults emerge in early May with two peaks of eclosion; the late May and June respectively.Adults don’t chew their way out of pupal cells until 2-3 days after they have completed metamorphosis.After emerging they eat fresh leaves for 2-7 days before copulating.Adult copulation occurs around 13:00-16:30 during which period each adult can mate several times.Larvae often aggregate in one root and overwinter in stems and roots.Most mature larvae pupate in the roots,5 mm away from the gallery end,but a smaller number pupate in thick branches with diameters of 5-8 mm.Two significant parasitoids,one parasitizing the larval and one the pupal stages,were found.