昆虫寄主选择行为的进化机制
Principles of host-selection evolution in insects
王争艳1** 李心田1 鲁玉杰1 莫建初2
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DOI：
作者单位：1.河南工业大学粮油食品学院 郑州 450052; 2.浙江大学昆虫科学研究所 杭州 310029
中文关键词：寄主选择，遗传性偏嗜，学习性偏嗜，前印象条件作用
英文关键词：host choice,heritable preference,learned host preferences,preimaginal conditioning
中文摘要：
昆虫的寄主选择行为受到遗传、可传承的环境因素或学习行为的调控。尽管大量实验已证实昆虫寄主选择中的遗传变异，但在实际中很难将其与温度、营养、条件作用和可传承的环境因素的作用区别开来。一些报道已证实可传承的环境因素会影响昆虫的寄主选择行为。幼虫期和成虫期对寄主的经历可以改变该虫态的取食和产卵寄主偏嗜行为。虽然巴甫洛夫条件反射和神经组织移植实验初步揭示了幼虫经历对成虫气味选择行为的影响，但寄主选择行为中的前印象条件作用尚需进一步验证。在城市垃圾生态系统中，杂食性的蝇类的取食和产卵选择行为较腐食性的蝇类更易受到学习经历的重塑。
英文摘要： The host preference of an insect can be genetic,caused by otherwise heritable environmental effects,or shaped by experience within the insect’s lifetime.While genetic variation in habitat selection appears to be widespread it can be extremely difficult to prove that host preferences observed in the field have a genetic basis and are not the result of other factors,such as temperature,nutrition,conditioning and inherited environmental effects.There is some published evidence that inherited environmental effects influence habitat selection and that experience can modify feeding and oviposition preferences.Although a Pavlovian conditioning test and a nervous tissue grafting test challenged the assumptions of the preimaginal conditioning hypothesis,this result needs further investigation.The feeding and oviposition preferences of polyphagous flies in urban garbage were more plastic than those of saprophagous flies.